Gershayim

Gershayim (Hebrew: גֵּרְשַׁיִם‎, without niqqud גרשיים‎), also occasionally grashayim[1] (גְּרָשַׁיִם‎), is two distinct typographical marks in the Hebrew language. The name literally means "double geresh".

Gershayim
punctuation mark״פַּרְדֵּ״ס
cantillation mark֞וּרְד֞וּ
compare with quotation marks
"פַּרְדֵּ״ס", "וּרְד֞וּ"
Hebrew punctuation
Hebrew-specific marksorthographically similar marks
maqaf־‎-‎hyphen
geresh֜‎֝‎׳‎'apostrophe
gershayim֞‎״‎"quotation mark
metegֽ‎  ,comma
inverted nun׆[bracket
cantillation
cantillation
Sof passuk׃‎  paseq׀‎
etnakhta/atnakh֑‎  segol֒‎
shalshelet֓‎  zaqef qaton֔‎
zaqef gadol֕‎  tifcha/tarkha֖‎
rivia/ravia’֗‎  zarqa֘‎
pashta֙‎  yetiv֚‎
tevir֛‎  geresh/gerish֜‎
geresh muqdam֝‎  gershayim/shenei gereshin֞‎
arney parah֟‎  telisha gedola/ga’ya talsha֠‎
pazer (gadol)֡‎  atnah hafukh֢‎
munakh/shofar holekh֣‎  mahapakh/shofar mehupakh֤‎
merkha/ma’arikh֥‎  merkha kefula/terei ta’amei֦‎
darga֧‎  qadma֨‎
telisha qetana/tarsa֩‎  yerah ben yomo֪‎
ole֫‎  illuy֬‎
dehi֭‎  zinor֮‎


Punctuation mark

Gershayim most commonly refers to the punctuation mark ⟨״⟩. It is always written before the last letter of the non-inflected form of a word or numeral. It is used in the following ways:

  • To indicate an acronym.[2] For example: דּוּ״חַ‎ (singular), דּוּ״חוֹת‎ (plural), "report" represents דין וחשבון‎; and מ״כ‎ (masculine), מַ״כִּית‎ (feminine), "squad commander" represents מפקד כיתה‎.
  • To indicate a multi-digit Hebrew numeral. For example: י״ח‎ represents 18.[3]
  • To indicate the names of Hebrew letters, differentiating them from any homographs.[2] Compare הוּא שִׂרְטֵט עַיִן‎ "he sketched an eye" with הוּא שִׂרְטֵט עַיִ״ן‎ "he sketched an ayin".
  • To indicate Hebrew word roots.[2] For example: the root of תַּשְׁבֵּצִים‎/taʃbeˈtsim/ "crossword puzzles" is שב״צ‎ (š—b—ṣ); the root of לְהַטּוֹת‎ /lehaˈtot/ "to tilt, to conjugate" is נט״ה‎ (n—ṭ—h); and the root of הִסְתַּנְכְּרְנוּת‎ /histankreˈnut/ "being synchronized" is סנכר״נ‎ (s–n–k–r–n).
  • In older texts, to indicate the transliteration of a foreign word. This use corresponds to English's use of italics. For example, in printed works of Rashi, the town of Rashi's birth, Troyes, is spelled טרוי״ש‎.

Cantillation mark

Gershayim is a disjunctive cantillation accent in the Tanakh - ◌֞. It is placed above the stressed syllable, as in וַיִּקַּ֞ח (Genesis 22:3).[1]

Computer encoding

Most keyboards do not have a key for the gershayim. As a result, a quotation mark is often substituted for it.

Appearance Code Points Name
״ U+05F4 Hebrew Punctuation Gershayim
֞ U+059E Hebrew Accent Gershayim

See also

References


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