šmꜥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Proper noun

 m

  1. Upper Egypt
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šmꜥ  
šmꜥ
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Traditionally considered a shortening of jt-šmꜥ (“Upper Egyptian barley”). Allen instead suggests that the word is a nominalized nisba adjective formed from šmꜥ (“thin”) +‎ -(j) (nisba ending), referring to barley with fewer grains than jt-mḥ (“full barley”).

Noun

 m

  1. barley of some kind; see the etymology section above for discussion

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to chant, to sing
Inflection
Conjugation of šmꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: šmꜥ, geminated stem: šmꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
šmꜥ
 šmꜥw, šmꜥ
 šmꜥt
 šmꜥ
 šmꜥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
šmꜥ
 ḥr šmꜥ
 m šmꜥ
 r šmꜥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect šmꜥ.n
 consecutive šmꜥ.jn
terminative šmꜥt
perfective3 šmꜥ
 obligative1 šmꜥ.ḫr
imperfective šmꜥ
prospective3 šmꜥ
 potentialis1 šmꜥ.kꜣ
subjunctive šmꜥ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect šmꜥ.n
 — —
perfective šmꜥ
 šmꜥ
 šmꜥ, šmꜥw5, šmꜥy5
imperfective šmꜥ, šmꜥy, šmꜥw5
 šmꜥ, šmꜥj6, šmꜥy6
 šmꜥ, šmꜥw5
prospective šmꜥ, šmꜥtj7
 šmꜥtj4, šmꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Derived terms

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 253.
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