šwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
SwwnDs

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) empty or unoccupied
  2. (intransitive, with m) to be(come) devoid of, free of
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 12–13:
      nw
      k      		 A1SwWnDsHAAwY2
      Z2
      jnk šw ⟨m⟩ ḥꜣw
      I am free of exaggeration.
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.10–1.11:
      irH6AwwnDsmsr
      x      		 A2n
      t X4
      X2 Z2      		 D35sxmmA24nmdd
      t      		 A2nb
      t      		 imf
      jr šww m srḫ n t nj sḫm.n mdt nbt jm.f
      As for one who is free of notoriety regarding bread, no word can take control of him.

Inflection
Conjugation of šwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šw
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
šwt, šwj
 šww, šw
 šwt, šwwt, šwyt
 šw
 šw, šwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
šw8
 ḥr šwt, ḥr šwj
 m šwt, m šwj
 r šwt, r šwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect šw.n
 consecutive šw.jn
terminative šwt, šwyt
perfective3 šw
 obligative1 šw.ḫr
imperfective šw, šwy
prospective3 šww, šw, šwy
 potentialis1 šw.kꜣ
subjunctive šw, šwy
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect šw.n
 — —
perfective šww1, šwy, šw
 šw
 šwy, šw
imperfective šw, šwy, šww5
 šw, šwj6, šwy6
 šw, šww5
prospective šww1, šwy, šw, šwtj7
 šwwtj1 4, šwtj4, šwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šwj  
Sww
šwj

Descendants
  • ⇒ Coptic: ϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ (šoueit)

Verb
SSww

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive, in religious texts) to rise, to ascend

Inflection
Conjugation of šwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šw
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
šwt, šwj
 šww, šw
 šwt, šwwt, šwyt
 šw
 šw, šwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
šw8
 ḥr šwt, ḥr šwj
 m šwt, m šwj
 r šwt, r šwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect šw.n
 consecutive šw.jn
terminative šwt, šwyt
perfective3 šw
 obligative1 šw.ḫr
imperfective šw, šwy
prospective3 šww, šw, šwy
 potentialis1 šw.kꜣ
subjunctive šw, šwy
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect šw.n
 — —
perfective šww1, šwy, šw
 šw
 šwy, šw
imperfective šw, šwy, šww5
 šw, šwj6, šwy6
 šw, šww5
prospective šww1, šwy, šw, šwtj7
 šwwtj1 4, šwtj4, šwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šwj  
Sww
šwj

Verb
Swwra

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) dry, to dry up

Inflection
Conjugation of šwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šw
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
šwt, šwj
 šww, šw
 šwt, šwwt, šwyt
 šw
 šw, šwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
šw8
 ḥr šwt, ḥr šwj
 m šwt, m šwj
 r šwt, r šwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect šw.n
 consecutive šw.jn
terminative šwt, šwyt
perfective3 šw
 obligative1 šw.ḫr
imperfective šw, šwy
prospective3 šww, šw, šwy
 potentialis1 šw.kꜣ
subjunctive šw, šwy
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect šw.n
 — —
perfective šww1, šwy, šw
 šw
 šwy, šw
imperfective šw, šwy, šww5
 šw, šwj6, šwy6
 šw, šww5
prospective šww1, šwy, šw, šwtj7
 šwwtj1 4, šwtj4, šwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šwj  
SwWnDs
šwj

Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϣⲉⲩⲉ (šeue)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲱⲟⲩⲓ (šōoui)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲁⲩⲉⲓ (šauei)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲁⲩⲉⲓⲉ (šaueie)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲟⲟⲩⲉ (šooue)

References
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