πέτρα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Unknown. In the absence of an explanation, Beekes prefers a Pre-Greek borrowing.[1] Not related to Hindi पत्थर (patthar, “stone”)

Pronunciation
 

Noun

πέτρᾱ • (pétrā) f (genitive πέτρᾱς); first declension

  1. rock formation: cliff, ledge, cave, ridge
  2. stone (as a building material)

Inflection
First declension of ἡ πέτρᾱ; τῆς πέτρᾱς (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ πέτρᾱ
hē pétrā		 τὼ πέτρᾱ
tṑ pétrā		 αἱ πέτραι
hai pétrai
Genitive τῆς πέτρᾱς
tês pétrās		 τοῖν πέτραιν
toîn pétrain		 τῶν πετρῶν
tôn petrôn
Dative τῇ πέτρᾳ
têi pétrāi		 τοῖν πέτραιν
toîn pétrain		 ταῖς πέτραις
taîs pétrais
Accusative τὴν πέτρᾱν
tḕn pétrān		 τὼ πέτρᾱ
tṑ pétrā		 τᾱ̀ς πέτρᾱς
tā̀s pétrās
Vocative πέτρᾱ
pétrā		 πέτρᾱ
pétrā		 πέτραι
pétrai
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Greek: πέτρα (pétra)
  • Mariupol Greek: пе́тра (pjétra)
  • → Latin: petra (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πέτρᾱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1182

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra).

Cognate with Mariupol Greek пе́тра (pjétra).

Noun

πέτρα • (pétra) f (plural πέτρες)

  1. rock, stone (mass or fragments)
  2. (figuratively) rock (something hard and stable)
  3. (nautical) rock (rocky hazard)

Declension
declension of πέτρα
case     \     number singular plural
nominative πέτρα • πέτρες •
genitive πέτρας • πετρών •
accusative πέτρα • πέτρες •
vocative πέτρα • πέτρες •

Synonyms

Further reading
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