добръ

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

Glagolitic: ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *dobrъ, from Proto-Slavic *dobь ("age, time"), meaning that good is what occurs at the appropriate time.

Adjective

добръ • (dobrŭ)

good
Antonyms: недобръ (nedobrŭ), зълъ (zŭlŭ)
easy
- from Vita Methodii, 1000200-1000210:
  и тако и поустиша, рекъше Коцьлоу аще сего имаши оу себе, не избоудеши насъ добрѣ.
  i tako i pustiša, rekŭše Kocĭlu ašte sego imaši u sebe, ne izbudeši nasŭ dobrě.
  So they released him, saying to Kocel: If you keep this man with you, you shall not escape easily from us.

Declension

Declension of добръ (masculine indefinite, hard o-stem)

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	добръ dobrŭ	добра dobra	добри dobri
Accusative	добръ dobrŭ	добра dobra	добрꙑ dobry
Genitive	добра dobra	доброу dobru	добръ dobrŭ
Locative	добрѣ dobrě	доброу dobru	добрѣхъ dobrěxŭ
Dative	доброу dobru	доброма dobroma	добромъ dobromŭ
Instrumental	добромь dobromĭ	доброма dobroma	добрꙑ dobry
Vocative	добръ dobrŭ	добра dobra	добри dobri

Declension of добръ (neuter indefinite, hard o-stem)

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	добро dobro	добрѣ dobrě	добра dobra
Accusative	добро dobro	добрѣ dobrě	добра dobra
Genitive	добра dobra	доброу dobru	добръ dobrŭ
Locative	добрѣ dobrě	доброу dobru	добрѣхъ dobrěxŭ
Dative	доброу dobru	доброма dobroma	добромъ dobromŭ
Instrumental	добромь dobromĭ	доброма dobroma	добрꙑ dobry
Vocative	добро dobro	добрѣ dobrě	добра dobra

Declension of добръ (feminine indefinite, hard a-stem)

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	добра dobra	добрѣ dobrě	добрꙑ dobry
Accusative	добрѫ dobrǫ	добрѣ dobrě	добрꙑ dobry
Genitive	добрꙑ dobry	доброу dobru	добръ dobrŭ
Locative	добрѣ dobrě	доброу dobru	добрахъ dobraxŭ
Dative	добрѣ dobrě	добрама dobrama	добрамъ dobramŭ
Instrumental	доброѭ dobrojǫ	добрама dobrama	добрами dobrami
Vocative	добро dobro	добрѣ dobrě	добрꙑ dobry

Declension of добръ (masculine definite, hard o-stem)

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	добрꙑи dobryj	добраꙗ dobraja	добрии dobrij
Accusative	добрꙑи dobryj	добраꙗ dobraja	добрꙑѩ dobryję
Genitive	добраѥго dobrajego	доброую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ
Locative	добрѣѥмь dobrějemĭ	доброую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ
Dative	доброуѥмоу dobrujemu	добрꙑима dobryjma	добрꙑимъ dobryjmŭ
Instrumental	добрꙑимь dobryjmĭ	добрꙑима dobryjma	добрꙑими dobryjmi
Vocative	добрꙑи dobryj	добраꙗ dobraja	добрии dobrij

Declension of добръ (neuter definite, hard o-stem)

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	доброѥ dobroje	добрѣи dobrěj	добраꙗ dobraja
Accusative	доброѥ dobroje	добрѣи dobrěj	добраꙗ dobraja
Genitive	добраѥго dobrajego	доброую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ
Locative	добрѣѥмь dobrějemĭ	доброую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ
Dative	доброуѥмоу dobrujemu	добрꙑима dobryjma	добрꙑимъ dobryjmŭ
Instrumental	добрꙑимь dobryjmĭ	добрꙑима dobryjma	добрꙑими dobryjmi
Vocative	доброѥ dobroje	добрѣи dobrěj	добраꙗ dobraja

Declension of добръ (feminine definite, hard a-stem)

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	добраꙗ dobraja	добрѣи dobrěj	добрꙑѩ dobryję
Accusative	добрѫѭ dobrǫjǫ	добрѣи dobrěj	добрꙑѩ dobryję
Genitive	добрꙑѩ dobryję	доброую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ
Locative	добрѣи dobrěj	доброую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ
Dative	добрѣи dobrěj	добрꙑима dobryjma	добрꙑимъ dobryjmŭ
Instrumental	добрѫѭ dobrǫjǫ	добрꙑима dobryjma	добрꙑими dobryjmi
Vocative	добраꙗ dobraja	добрѣи dobrěj	добрꙑѩ dobryję

comparison of **добръ** (dobrŭ)
masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine plural
лоучии (lučij)	лоуче (luče)	лоучьши (lučĭši)	лоучьше (lučĭše)

Alternative:

comparison of **добръ** (dobrŭ)
masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine plural
оунии (unij)	оуне (une)	оуньши (unĭši)	оуньше (unĭše)

Derived terms

добродѣтель (dobrodětelĭ)
добро (dobro)
добровольство (dobrovolĭstvo)
добровоние (dobrovonie)
доброгодьнъ (dobrogodĭnŭ)
добродавьць (dobrodavĭcĭ)
добродарие (dobrodarie)
добродѣꙗние (dobrodějanie)
добродѣꙗнъ (dobrodějanŭ)
добродѣꙗти (dobrodějati)
доброискоусьнъ (dobrojskusĭnŭ)
доброличьнъ (dobroličĭnŭ)
доброобразьнъ (dobroobrazĭnŭ)
добропотрѣбьнъ (dobropotrěbĭnŭ)
доброприимати (dobroprijmati)
добропѫтьнѣ (dobropǫtĭně)
доброразоумивъ (dobrorazumivŭ)
доброродьнъ (dobrorodĭnŭ)
добрость (dobrostĭ)
доброта (dobrota)
доброчьстивъ (dobročĭstivŭ)
доброчьстие (dobročĭstie)
издобрити (izdobriti)
любодоброта (ljubodobrota)
прѣдобро (prědobro)

References

S. C. Gardiner, Old church Slavonic: an elementary grammar, Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Бояджиев, Андрей (2016) Старобългарска читанка‎, София

Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *dòbrъ. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic добръ (dobrŭ) and Old Polish dobry.

Pronunciation

(ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈdoːbrʊ/

(ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈdoːbrʊ/

(ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈdɔːbr/, /ˈdoːbr/
Hyphenation: до‧бръ

Adjective

добръ (dobrŭ)

good
- 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik‎, page 1:
  Добро есть, братиѥ, почѥтаньѥ книжьноѥ։ паче вьсѧкомоу хрьстьꙗноу·
  Dobro estĭ, bratije, počjetanĭje knižĭnoje։ pače vĭsękomu xrĭstĭjanu·
  The reading of books is good, brothers: more so for any Christian.

Declension

Short declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)

	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
	Singular			Dual			Plural
Nominative	добръ dobrŭ	добро dobro	добра dobra	добра dobra	добрѣ dobrě		добри dobri	добра dobra	добрꙑ dobry
Genitive	добра dobra		добрꙑ dobry	добру dobru		добру dobru	добръ dobrŭ		добръ dobrŭ
Dative	добру dobru		добрѣ dobrě	доброма dobroma		добрама dobrama	добромъ dobromŭ		добрамъ dobramŭ
Accusative	добръ dobrŭ	добро dobro	добрѫ dobrǫ	добра dobra	добрѣ dobrě		добри dobri	добра dobra	добрꙑ dobry
Instrumental	добръмь dobrŭmĭ		доброѭ dobrojǫ	доброма dobroma		добрама dobrama	добрꙑ dobry		добрами dobrami
Locative	добрѣ dobrě		добрѣ dobrě	добру dobru		добру dobru	добрѣхъ dobrěxŭ		добрахъ dobraxŭ

Long declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)

	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
	Singular			Dual			Plural
Nominative	добрꙑи dobryj	доброе dobroe	добраꙗ dobraja	добраꙗ dobraja	добрѣи dobrěj		добрии dobrij	добраꙗ dobraja	добрꙑѣ dobryě
Genitive	доброго dobrogo		добрꙑѣ dobryě	добрую dobruju		добрую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ		добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ
Dative	доброму dobromu		доброи dobroj	добрꙑима dobryjma		добрꙑима dobryjma	добрꙑимъ dobryjmŭ		добрꙑимъ dobryjmŭ
Accusative	добрꙑи dobryj	доброе dobroe	добрѫѭ dobrǫjǫ	добраꙗ dobraja	добрѣи dobrěj		добрꙑѣ dobryě	добраꙗ dobraja	добрꙑѣ dobryě
Instrumental	добрꙑимь dobryjmĭ		доброѭ dobrojǫ	добрꙑима dobryjma		добрꙑима dobryjma	добрꙑими dobryjmi		добрꙑими dobryjmi
Locative	добромь dobromĭ		доброи dobroj	добрую dobruju		добрую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ		добрꙑихъ dobryjxŭ

Descendants

Old Ruthenian: до́брый (dóbryj)
- Belarusian: до́бры (dóbry)
- Rusyn: до́брый (dóbrŷj)
- Ukrainian: до́брий (dóbryj)
Russian: до́брый (dóbryj)

References

Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893), “добръ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 681

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