إشفى
Arabic
Etymology
Borrowed from an unattested Aramaic form.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔiʃ.faː/
Noun
إِشْفَى • (ʔišfā) m (plural أَشَافٍ (ʔašāfin), plural construct state أَشَافِي (ʔašāfī))
- (rare) awl
- a. 1111, Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālīy, “الباب الخامس في شفقة التاجر على دينه فيما يخضه ويعم آخرته”, in كتاب آداب الكسب والمعاش [The Revival of Religious Sciences]:
- فكان أحدهم إذا رفع المطرقة أو غرز الإشفى فسمع الأذان لم يخرج الإشفى من المخرز ولم يوقع المطرقة ورمى بها وقام إلى الصلاة.
- And there was one of them when he raised the hammer or planted the awl and heard the adhan he did not put the awl out of the other awl and did not put the hammer back but threw them and stood up and went to prayer.
- a. 1113, أبو المظفر الأبيوردي, خطوبٌ لِلْقلوبِ بِها وَجيبُ:
- ونخضعُ راغبينَ لها اضطراراً — وكيفَ يُلاطمُ الإشفى لبيبُ؟
- And we submit desirous to them and by compulsion — but how does the intellect hit the awl?
- a. 1229, Yāqūt al-Ḥamawīy, Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, editor, كتاب معجم البلدان [kitāb muʿjam al-buldān], volume 1, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, published 1866, page 291 line 20:
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Declension
Declension of noun إِشْفَى (ʔišfā)
| Singular | singular invariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | إِشْفَى ʔišfā |
الْإِشْفَى al-ʔišfā |
إِشْفَى ʔišfā |
| Nominative | إِشْفَى ʔišfā |
الْإِشْفَى al-ʔišfā |
إِشْفَى ʔišfā |
| Accusative | إِشْفَى ʔišfā |
الْإِشْفَى al-ʔišfā |
إِشْفَى ʔišfā |
| Genitive | إِشْفَى ʔišfā |
الْإِشْفَى al-ʔišfā |
إِشْفَى ʔišfā |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | إِشْفَيَيْن ʔišfayayn |
الْإِشْفَيَيْن al-ʔišfayayn |
إِشْفَيَيْ ʔišfayay |
| Nominative | إِشْفَيَانِ ʔišfayāni |
الْإِشْفَيَانِ al-ʔišfayāni |
إِشْفَيَا ʔišfayā |
| Accusative | إِشْفَيَيْنِ ʔišfayayni |
الْإِشْفَيَيْنِ al-ʔišfayayni |
إِشْفَيَيْ ʔišfayay |
| Genitive | إِشْفَيَيْنِ ʔišfayayni |
الْإِشْفَيَيْنِ al-ʔišfayayni |
إِشْفَيَيْ ʔišfayay |
| Plural | broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَشَافِي ʔašāfī |
الْأَشَافِي al-ʔašāfī |
أَشَافِي ʔašāfī |
| Nominative | أَشَافٍ ʔašāfin |
الْأَشَافِي al-ʔašāfī |
أَشَافِي ʔašāfī |
| Accusative | أَشَافِيَ ʔašāfiya |
الْأَشَافِيَ al-ʔašāfiya |
أَشَافِيَ ʔašāfiya |
| Genitive | أَشَافٍ ʔašāfin |
الْأَشَافِي al-ʔašāfī |
أَشَافِي ʔašāfī |
Derived terms
- أَشَافِيّ (ʔašāfiyy, relative adjective)
References
- “إشفى” in Almaany
- Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 716
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “إشفى”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 25a
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 256
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “إشفى”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 38b
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “إشفى”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 62b
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