اتفاقا

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic اِتِّفَاقًا‎ (ittifāqan).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ittifɑːqan/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ɪttɪfɑːqan/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ettefɒːɢæn/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /ittifɔqan/

Adverb

اتفاقا • (ettefâqan)

accidentally, by chance
- c. 1260, Rumi, “4:186”, in The Masnavi:
  ‏خواست دختر را ببیند زیر دست، اتفاقا دختر اندر مکتبست‎
  xâst doxtar-râ be-binad zir-e dast, ettefâqan doxtar andar maktab-ast
  She wished to privately meet with the girl, [but] as it so happens the girl is at the maktab
occasionally

Related terms

اتفاق‎ (ettefâq, “chance, accident”)

Descendants

→ Hindustani:
Urdu: اتفاقاً‎ (ittifāqan)

Urdu

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪt̪ːɪ.fɑː.qən/
Rhymes: -ən

Adjective

اِتِّفاقاً • (ittifāqan) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling इत्तिफ़ाक़न)

incidental, by accident

Adverb

اِتِّفاقاً • (ittifāqan) (Hindi spelling इत्तिफ़ाक़न)

incidentally, accidentally, coincidentally, by chance

References

“اتفاقا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
“اتفاقا”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.

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