اسفند

Persian

Alternative forms

اسپند‎
سپند‎

Etymology 1

A contraction of اسفندارمذ , اسفندارمزد , from Middle Persian spndrmt’ (Spandarmad, literally “holy thought”); name of the fourth Amahraspand (divine deity) in Zoroastrianism and a Goddess. Compare Old Armenian սանդարամետ (sandaramet), սպանդարամետ (spandaramet), Iranian borrowings.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /isfand/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ɪsfand/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /esfænd/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /isfand/

audio (file)

Proper noun

Iranian Persian	اسفند
Dari	اسفند
Tajik	Исфанд (Isfand)

اسفند • (esfand)

Esfand, the twelfth month of the solar Persian calendar.
Name of the fifth day of any month of the solar Persian calendar.

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (spand), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwantaH (“holy”) (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀‎ (spəṇta, “holy”), because the plant is used in fumigation against evil eye. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwen-.

Noun

اسفند • (esfand)

wild rue

Descendants

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسفند‎

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