برق

See also: برف‎ and ترف‎

Arabic
بَرْق
السَّمَاءُ تَبْرُقُ

Etymology

From the root ب ر ق‎ (b-r-q). From Proto-Semitic *baraḳ- (“lightning”), although Fronzaroli states that the noun "lightning" may be a deverbal form, in which case only the verb would be inherited.

Pronunciation
  • (verb, without mode ending)
    Audio(file)
  • IPA(key): /ba.ra.qa/
  • IPA(key): /barq/

Verb

بَرَقَ • (baraqa) I, non-past يَبْرُقُ‎‎ (yabruqu)

  1. to produce lightning
  2. to shine, to glitter, to sparkle, to flash

Conjugation
Conjugation of
بَرَقَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns بُرُوق or بَرِيق or بَرْق or بَرَقَان)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
بُرُوق‎ or بَرِيق‎ or بَرْق or بَرَقَان‎

burūq or barīq or barq or baraqān
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
بَارِق‎

bāriq
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَبْرُوق‎

mabrūq
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد		 dual
الْمُثَنَّى		 plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي		 m
baraqtu
baraqta
بَرَقَ

baraqa
بَرَقْتُمَا‎

baraqtumā
بَرَقَا‎

baraqā
baraqnā
baraqtum
baraqū
f
baraqti
baraqat
بَرَقَتَا‎

baraqatā
baraqtunna
baraqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع		 m
ʔabruqu
tabruqu
yabruqu
تَبْرُقَانِ‎

tabruqāni
يَبْرُقَانِ‎

yabruqāni
nabruqu
tabruqūna
yabruqūna
f
tabruqīna
tabruqu
تَبْرُقَانِ‎

tabruqāni
tabruqna
yabruqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب		 m
ʔabruqa
tabruqa
yabruqa
تَبْرُقَا‎

tabruqā
يَبْرُقَا‎

yabruqā
nabruqa
tabruqū
yabruqū
f
tabruqī
tabruqa
تَبْرُقَا‎

tabruqā
tabruqna
yabruqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم		 m
ʔabruq
tabruq
yabruq
تَبْرُقَا‎

tabruqā
يَبْرُقَا‎

yabruqā
nabruq
tabruqū
yabruqū
f
tabruqī
tabruq
تَبْرُقَا‎

tabruqā
tabruqna
yabruqna
imperative
الْأَمْر		 m
ubruq
اُبْرُقَا‎

ubruqā
ubruqū
f
ubruqī
ubruqna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد		 dual
الْمُثَنَّى		 plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي		 m — —
بُرِقَ

buriqa		 — — — — —
f — — — — —
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع		 m — —
yubraqu		 — — — — —
f — — — — —
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب		 m — —
yubraqa		 — — — — —
f — — — — —
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم		 m — —
yubraq		 — — — — —
f — — — — —

Noun

بَرْق • (barq) m (plural بُرُوق‎ (burūq))

  1. verbal noun of بَرَقَ (baraqa) (form I)
  2. lightning
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:19-20:
      ‏أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ حَذَرَ ٱلْمَوْتِ […] ۝ يَكَادُ ٱلْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ ۖ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا‎
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
  3. flash of lightning
  4. telegraph

Declension
Declension of noun بَرْق (barq)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَرْق
barq		 الْبَرْق‎
al-barq		 بَرْق
barq
Nominative بَرْقٌ
barqun		 الْبَرْقُ‎
al-barqu		 بَرْقُ
barqu
Accusative بَرْقًا‎
barqan		 الْبَرْقَ‎
al-barqa		 بَرْقَ
barqa
Genitive بَرْقٍ
barqin		 الْبَرْقِ‎
al-barqi		 بَرْقِ
barqi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَرْقَيْن‎
barqayn		 الْبَرْقَيْن‎
al-barqayn		 بَرْقَيْ‎
barqay
Nominative بَرْقَانِ‎
barqāni		 الْبَرْقَانِ‎
al-barqāni		 بَرْقَا‎
barqā
Accusative بَرْقَيْنِ‎
barqayni		 الْبَرْقَيْنِ‎
al-barqayni		 بَرْقَيْ‎
barqay
Genitive بَرْقَيْنِ‎
barqayni		 الْبَرْقَيْنِ‎
al-barqayni		 بَرْقَيْ‎
barqay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بُرُوق‎
burūq		 الْبُرُوق‎
al-burūq		 بُرُوق‎
burūq
Nominative بُرُوقٌ‎
burūqun		 الْبُرُوقُ‎
al-burūqu		 بُرُوقُ‎
burūqu
Accusative بُرُوقًا‎
burūqan		 الْبُرُوقَ‎
al-burūqa		 بُرُوقَ‎
burūqa
Genitive بُرُوقٍ‎
burūqin		 الْبُرُوقِ‎
al-burūqi		 بُرُوقِ‎
burūqi

Descendants
  • Hijazi Arabic: برق‎ (barg)
  • Maltese: beraq
  • Moroccan Arabic: برق‎ (báraq)
  • South Levantine Arabic: برق‎ (barq)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: برق‎ (berk)
  • → Persian: برق‎ (barq)

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق‎ (barq).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /barɡ/

Noun

برق • (barg) m (plural بروق‎ (burūg))

  1. lightning

See also

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق‎ (barq).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /báraq/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

برق • (barq) m (plural بروق‎ (brūq) or بروقة‎ (brūqa), diminutive بريق‎ (briyyiq))

  1. lightning

See also

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق‎ (barq).

Noun

برق • (berk)

  1. lightning
    Synonym: شمشك‎ (şimşek)

Descendants

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق‎ (barq).

Pronunciation
  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /baɾq/

Noun
Dari برق
Iranian Persian
Tajik барқ (barq)

برق • (barq)

  1. electricity
    ‏طلا هادی برق است.‎‎
    talâ hâdi-ye barq ast.
    Gold conducts electricity.
  2. lightning
    ‏سگ از رعد و برق می‌ترسد.‎‎
    sag az ra'd o barq mi-tarsad.
    The dog is afraid of thunder and lightning.
    • c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 1012”, in دیوان [Dīvān]‎:
      ‏برق را در خرمن مردم تماشا کرده است
      آن که پندارد که حال مردم دنیا خوش است؟      ‎‎
      barq râ dar xirman-i mardum tamâšâ karda ast
      ân ki pindârad ki hâl-i mardum-i dunyâ xwaš ast?
      Has he observed how the lightning strikes the haystack of Man [reducing it to ashes in a moment]—
      He who thinks that the state of Man in the mortal world is worthwhile?
      (Classical Persian romanization)
  3. brilliance, glint, flash, sparkle
  4. glaze, sheen

Derived terms
verbs
  • برق زدن‎ (barq zadan)
  • برق کردن‎ (barq kardan)
  • برق گرفتن‎ (barq gereftan)
others
  • برقی‎ (barqi)
  • برق‌رسانی‎ (barq-resâni)
  • برق‌کار‎ (barq-kâr)
  • تابلو برق‎ (tâblo-ye barq)
  • تیر برق‎ (tir-e barq)
  • دکل برق‎ (dakal-e barq)
  • رعد و برق‎ (ra'd o barq)
  • قطع برق‎ (qat'-e barq)
  • کلید برق‎ (kelid-e barq)

South Levantine Arabic
Root
ب ر ق‎

Etymology

From Arabic أبرَق‎.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): (Urban) /ba.raʔ/, [ˈba.raʔ]
  • IPA(key): (Bedouin) /ba.raɡ/, [ˈba.raɡ]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb

برق • (baraʔ) (form I, present ببرق‎ (bibriʔ))

  1. (weather) to be stormy with lightning

Conjugation
    Conjugation of برق (baraʔ)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m برقت (baraʔt) برقت (baraʔt) برق (baraʔ) برقنا (baraʔna) برقتو (baraʔtu) برقو (baraʔu)
f برقتي (baraʔti) برقت (barʔat)
present m ببرق (babriʔ) بتبرق (btibriʔ) ببرق (bibriʔ) منبرق (mnibriʔ) بتبرقو (btibriʔu) ببرقو (bibriʔu)
f بتبرقي (btibriʔi) بتبرق (btibriʔ)
subjunctive m أبرق (ʔabriʔ) تبرق (tibriʔ) يبرق (yibriʔ) نبرق (nibriʔ) تبرقو (tibriʔu) يبرقو (yibriʔu)
f تبرقي (tibriʔi) تبرق (tibriʔ)
imperative m ابرق (ibriʔ) ابرقو (ibriʔu)
f ابرقي (ibriʔi)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَرْق‎ (barq).

Pronunciation

Noun

بَرْق • (barq) f (Hindi spelling बर्क़)

  1. electricity
    Synonym: بجلی‎ (bijlī)
  2. lightning

Adjective

بَرْق • (barq) (Hindi spelling बर्क़)

  1. quick, active, brisk, alert

References
  • “برق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “barq”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
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