خطمي

See also: خطمی‎

Arabic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Preparations from the marshmallow have been used for preparations to wash the head, so it appears to be relative noun (nisba) composed of خَطْم‎ (ḵaṭm, “the nose and the mouth, snout”) +‎ ـِيّ‎ (-iyy), though such a use of nisba is not common and it does not explain the variation with ت‎ (t) instead of ط‎ (ṭ); maybe originally from Aramaic חלמיתא‎ / ܚܠܡܝܬܐ‎ (ḥlamītā) / ܚܠܡܬܐ‎ (ḥlamtā, “alkanet, Anchusa officinalis”) with which there have been mutual mistranslations. Clearly now Hebrew חֶלְמִית‎ (ḥelmī́ṯ) is used for mallows, the Malva genus and species.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /xitˤ.mijj/, /xatˤ.mijj/

Noun

خِطْمِيّ or خَطْمِيّ • (ḵiṭmiyy or ḵaṭmiyy) m (collective, singulative خِطْمِيَّة‎ f (ḵiṭmiyya) or خَطْمِيَّة‎ f (ḵaṭmiyya))

  1. marshmallow, Althaea gen. et spp.
  2. the confectionery marshmallow
  3. rosemallow, Hibiscus gen. et spp.
    Synonym: كَرْكَدِيه‎ (karkadīh)
  4. hollyhock, Alcea gen. et spp.
    Synonym: سِرَاج القُطْرُب‎ (sirāj al-quṭrub)

Declension
Declension of noun خِطْمِيّ (ḵiṭmiyy)‎; خَطْمِيّ (ḵaṭmiyy)
Collective basic collective triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal خِطْمِي‎; خَطْمِي
ḵiṭmī‎; ḵaṭmī		 الْخِطْمِي‎‎; الْخَطْمِي‎
al-ḵiṭmī‎; al-ḵaṭmī		 خِطْمِي‎; خَطْمِي
ḵiṭmī‎; ḵaṭmī
Nominative خِطْمِيٌّ‎; خَطْمِيٌّ
ḵiṭmiyyun‎; ḵaṭmiyyun		 الْخِطْمِيُّ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيُّ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyu‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyu		 خِطْمِيُّ‎; خَطْمِيُّ
ḵiṭmiyyu‎; ḵaṭmiyyu
Accusative خِطْمِيًّا‎‎; خَطْمِيًّا‎
ḵiṭmiyyan‎; ḵaṭmiyyan		 الْخِطْمِيَّ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyya‎; al-ḵaṭmiyya		 خِطْمِيَّ‎; خَطْمِيَّ
ḵiṭmiyya‎; ḵaṭmiyya
Genitive خِطْمِيٍّ‎; خَطْمِيٍّ
ḵiṭmiyyin‎; ḵaṭmiyyin		 الْخِطْمِيِّ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيِّ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyi‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyi		 خِطْمِيِّ‎; خَطْمِيِّ
ḵiṭmiyyi‎; ḵaṭmiyyi
Singulative singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal خِطْمِيَّة‎‎; خَطْمِيَّة‎
ḵiṭmiyya‎; ḵaṭmiyya		 الْخِطْمِيَّة‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّة‎
al-ḵiṭmiyya‎; al-ḵaṭmiyya		 خِطْمِيَّة‎‎; خَطْمِيَّة‎
ḵiṭmiyyat‎; ḵaṭmiyyat
Nominative خِطْمِيَّةٌ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّةٌ‎
ḵiṭmiyyatun‎; ḵaṭmiyyatun		 الْخِطْمِيَّةُ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّةُ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyatu‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyatu		 خِطْمِيَّةُ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّةُ‎
ḵiṭmiyyatu‎; ḵaṭmiyyatu
Accusative خِطْمِيَّةً‎‎; خَطْمِيَّةً‎
ḵiṭmiyyatan‎; ḵaṭmiyyatan		 الْخِطْمِيَّةَ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّةَ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyata‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyata		 خِطْمِيَّةَ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّةَ‎
ḵiṭmiyyata‎; ḵaṭmiyyata
Genitive خِطْمِيَّةٍ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّةٍ‎
ḵiṭmiyyatin‎; ḵaṭmiyyatin		 الْخِطْمِيَّةِ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّةِ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyati‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyati		 خِطْمِيَّةِ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّةِ‎
ḵiṭmiyyati‎; ḵaṭmiyyati
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal خِطْمِيَّتَيْن‎‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْن‎
ḵiṭmiyyatayn‎; ḵaṭmiyyatayn		 الْخِطْمِيَّتَيْن‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّتَيْن‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyatayn‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyatayn		 خِطْمِيَّتَيْ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْ‎
ḵiṭmiyyatay‎; ḵaṭmiyyatay
Nominative خِطْمِيَّتَانِ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّتَانِ‎
ḵiṭmiyyatāni‎; ḵaṭmiyyatāni		 الْخِطْمِيَّتَانِ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّتَانِ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyatāni‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyatāni		 خِطْمِيَّتَا‎‎; خَطْمِيَّتَا‎
ḵiṭmiyyatā‎; ḵaṭmiyyatā
Accusative خِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎
ḵiṭmiyyatayni‎; ḵaṭmiyyatayni		 الْخِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyatayni‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyatayni		 خِطْمِيَّتَيْ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْ‎
ḵiṭmiyyatay‎; ḵaṭmiyyatay
Genitive خِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎
ḵiṭmiyyatayni‎; ḵaṭmiyyatayni		 الْخِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyatayni‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyatayni		 خِطْمِيَّتَيْ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْ‎
ḵiṭmiyyatay‎; ḵaṭmiyyatay
Paucal (3-10) sound feminine paucal
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal خِطْمِيَّات‎‎; خَطْمِيَّات‎
ḵiṭmiyyāt‎; ḵaṭmiyyāt		 الْخِطْمِيَّات‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّات‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyāt‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyāt		 خِطْمِيَّات‎‎; خَطْمِيَّات‎
ḵiṭmiyyāt‎; ḵaṭmiyyāt
Nominative خِطْمِيَّاتٌ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّاتٌ‎
ḵiṭmiyyātun‎; ḵaṭmiyyātun		 الْخِطْمِيَّاتُ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّاتُ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyātu‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyātu		 خِطْمِيَّاتُ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّاتُ‎
ḵiṭmiyyātu‎; ḵaṭmiyyātu
Accusative خِطْمِيَّاتٍ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّاتٍ‎
ḵiṭmiyyātin‎; ḵaṭmiyyātin		 الْخِطْمِيَّاتِ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّاتِ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyāti‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyāti		 خِطْمِيَّاتِ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّاتِ‎
ḵiṭmiyyāti‎; ḵaṭmiyyāti
Genitive خِطْمِيَّاتٍ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّاتٍ‎
ḵiṭmiyyātin‎; ḵaṭmiyyātin		 الْخِطْمِيَّاتِ‎‎; الْخَطْمِيَّاتِ‎
al-ḵiṭmiyyāti‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyāti		 خِطْمِيَّاتِ‎‎; خَطْمِيَّاتِ‎
ḵiṭmiyyāti‎; ḵaṭmiyyāti

Descendants
  • → Middle Armenian: խաթմի (xatʿmi)
  • → Persian: خطمی‎, ختمی‎
  • → Ottoman Turkish: خطمی‎ (hatmi, hatmı)
    • Turkish: hatmi
    • → Middle Armenian: հաթմի (hatʿmi)

References
  • Freytag, Georg (1830), “خطمي”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 503
  • Kahl, Oliver (2011-06-27), “The Pharmacological Tables of Rhazes”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, issue 2, →DOI, page 379 footnote 84, declares it a genuine Arabic word
  • Lane, Edward William (1863), “خطمي”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 768
  • Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 292–295
  • Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 230–233
  • “ḥlmh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • “ḥlmwn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Wehr, Hans (1979), “خطمي”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 288
  • Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “خطمي”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 347
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