خوشه

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwšk' /hōšag/, “ear of corn, cluster; the star Spica, the constellation Virgo”),[1] borrowed into Old Armenian խոշակ (xošak)[2] and into[3] Arabic حُوشَاكِيّ‎ (ḥūšākiyy, “two-grained wheat”)[4]. Note also the mushroom-name غوشنه‎ (ğôšna, ğôšana) passed into Arabic غَوْشَنَة‎ (ḡawšana, “morel”).

Probably from Proto-Iranian *Hawšaka-, a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (“ear”).[5]

Pronunciation
    • (Dari): IPA(key): /xoːʃa/

    Noun

    خوشه • (xuše) (plural خوشه‌ها‎ (xuše-hâ))

    1. bunch
      ‏خوشه انگور‎ ― a bunch of grapes
    2. cluster
      ‏خوشهٔ کهکشانی‎ ― a galactic cluster
    3. ear of corn

    Derived terms
    • خوشه‌ای‎ (“racemose”)
    • خوشه‌بندی‎ (“clustering”)

    References
    1. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 44
    2. Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “խոշակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 394–395
    3. Corriente, Federico (2008), “Additions and corrections to A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎, volume 98, page 45
    4. This a hapax as for it even Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 381 know only يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām] (c. 1200), José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, page 47 line 18, repeated page 48 line 15, an edition known to be bad, here relating the so-called Nabataean Agriculture that has often been attainted as fabrication, so they also theoretize textual corruption, given also the hapax طُرْمَاكِيّ‎ (ṭurmākiyy) following page 48 line 11, which compares to طرمج‎ or طرمش‎ elsewhere, discussed Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “خوشه”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 42, for Late Latin trimense, Medieval Latin trimesium, tremesium, tremesagium (“a wheat that is ripe three months after sowing”).
    5. Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018), “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 578

    Further reading
    • Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 270–271
    • Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 489, page 108, connecting with خشک‎ (xošk, “dry”)
    • Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017), “Agricultural terms in Indo-Iranian”, in Language Dispersal Beyond Farming, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 282
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