زعفران

See also: زغفران‎

Arabic

Etymology

A Middle Iranian borrowing, akin to Persian ‎ (ja'fari, “parsley”)

Noun

زَعْفَرَان • (zaʕfarān) m

saffron

Declension

Declension of noun زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَعْفَرَان zaʕfarān	الزَّعْفَرَان‎ az-zaʕfarān	زَعْفَرَان zaʕfarān
Nominative	زَعْفَرَانٌ zaʕfarānun	الزَّعْفَرَانُ‎ az-zaʕfarānu	زَعْفَرَانُ zaʕfarānu
Accusative	زَعْفَرَانًا‎ zaʕfarānan	الزَّعْفَرَانَ‎ az-zaʕfarāna	زَعْفَرَانَ zaʕfarāna
Genitive	زَعْفَرَانٍ zaʕfarānin	الزَّعْفَرَانِ‎ az-zaʕfarāni	زَعْفَرَانِ zaʕfarāni

Descendants

Maltese: żagħfran
Moroccan Arabic: زعفران‎ (zaʕfrān)
Andalusian Arabic: زَعْفَرَان‎ (zaʕfarān) (from the definite form الزَّعْفَرَان (az-zaʕfarān))
- → Asturian: azafrán
- → Galician: azafrán
- → Portuguese: açafrão
- → Spanish: azafrán

Borrowings

→ Middle Armenian: զաֆրան (zafran), զափրան (zapʿran), զաւհրան (zawhran)
- Armenian: զաֆրան (zafran)
→ Italian: zafferano
→ Medieval Latin: safranum
- Gallo-Italic
  - → Ligurian: safran
  - → Piedmontese: safran
- → Old French: safran (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Occitan:
  - Catalan: safrà
  - Occitan: safran
→ Ottoman Turkish: زعفران‎ (zaʼferan), زغفران‎ (zağferan, zagferan), صفران‎ (safran)
- Gagauz: şafran
- Turkish: safran
- → Bulgarian: шафра́н (šafrán)
- → Macedonian: шафран (šafran)
- → Russian: шафра́н (šafrán)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ша̀фран
  Latin script: šàfran
→ Persian: زعفران‎ (za'ferân) (see there for further descendants)
→ Swahili: zafarani

Unsorted borrowings

→ Albanian: shafran

→ Czech: šafrán
→ Danish: safran
→ Estonian: safran
→ Faroese: safran
→ Icelandic: saffran
→ Hebrew: זעפרן‎ (z'afrán)
→ Hungarian: sáfrány
→ Latvian: safrāns
→ Lithuanian: šafranas, šafronas
→ Norwegian: safran
→ Polish: szafran
→ Romanian: șofran
→ Slovak: šafran
→ Slovene: žafran
→ Swedish: saffran

References

Asbaghi, Asya (1988) Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN

Baluchi

Noun

زعفران • (transliteration needed)

saffron

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

زغفران‎ (zağferan, zagferan), صفران‎ (safran)

Etymology

From Arabic زَعْفَرَان‎ (zaʕfarān).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zɑʔfɛˈɾɑn/

Noun

زعفران • (zaʼferan)

saffron
- 1914, Harun Reşit Kocacan, Muhtasar ilm-i kımya: Darülmuallimin ve Darülfünun ile mekâtib-i iʼdadiye sınıflarına mahsustur, İstanbul: Kitaphane-yi İslâm ve Askerı̂, page 254:
  ‏طبیعی بویالرك اك مهملری كوك بویا ، بقام اغاجی ، چیوید ، زغفران جهرى وقرمزدر .‎‎
  tabiʼi boyalarıñ eñ mühimleri kök boya, bakkam ağacı, ‍çivid, zağferan[,] cehri ve kırmızdır.
  The most important natural dyes are madder, bloodwood, indigo, saffron, yellowberry, and kermes.

Descendants

Gagauz: şafran
Turkish: safran
→ Bulgarian: шафра́н (šafrán)
→ Macedonian: шафран (šafran)
→ Russian: шафра́н (šafrán)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ша̀фран

Latin script: šàfran

References

Meyer, Gustav (1892), “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 9, makes the claim that صفران‎ (safran) is an Europeanized variant, but the variation is native Turkish, see Azerbaijani zəngin.
Kélékian, Diran (1911), “زعفران”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 644b
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “safran”, in Nişanyan Sözlük, phantasizes the variation with ص‎ (ṣ) to have been present in Arabic, citing Asbaghi, Asya (1988) Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, which is known as unseriös (Ullmann, Manfred (1997) Zur Geschichte des Wortes barīd „Post“ [About the history of the word barīd ‘post’] (Beiträge zur Lexikographie des Klassischen Arabisch; 13)‎ (in German), München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei der C.H.Beck’schen Verlagsbuchhandlung, →ISBN, page 9 (Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 1997/1)).

Pashto

Noun

زعفران • (za'farā́n) m

saffron

References

“زعفران”, in Pashto Dictionary (in English), Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic زَعْفَرَان‎ (zaʕfarān).

Noun

زعفران • (za'ferân)

saffron

Derived terms

زعفرانی‎ (za'ferâni, “saffrony”)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: zəfəran
- → Georgian: ზაფარან (zaparan) – Ingilo
→ Bengali: জাফরান (japhoran)
→ Georgian: ზაფარანი (zaparani) – Fereydan
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ज़ाफ़रान (zāfrān)

Urdu: زعفران‎ (zāfrān)
→ Sindhi: زعفران‎

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian ‎ (za'frân), from Arabic زَعْفَرَان‎ (zaʕfarān).

Noun

زعفران • (zāfrān) f (Hindi spelling ज़ाफ़रान)

saffron

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