زيتون

See also: زیتون‎

Arabic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zaj.tuːn/
Rhymes: -uːn

Etymology 1

Related to زَيْت‎ (zayt, “olive oil”); but the stem extension, unknown in Arabic morphology, directly relates to Aramaic, where -ōnā forms diminutive nouns; developing there the sense of an “olive tree” found for the simplex across Northwest Semitic to what is attested as Classical Mandaic ࡆࡉࡕࡅࡍࡀ‎ (zētōnā, “little olive tree”) and then attaining based on the idea of the fruit being a miniature olive tree the meaning “olive”, as well as retaining the meaning of an olive tree.

Noun

زَيْتُون • (zaytūn) m (collective, singulative زَيْتُونَة‎ f (zaytūna))

olive (fruit or tree)

Declension

Declension of noun زَيْتُون (zaytūn)

Collective	basic collective triptote
Collective	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَيْتُون zaytūn	الزَّيْتُون‎ az-zaytūn	زَيْتُون zaytūn
Nominative	زَيْتُونٌ zaytūnun	الزَّيْتُونُ‎ az-zaytūnu	زَيْتُونُ zaytūnu
Accusative	زَيْتُونًا‎ zaytūnan	الزَّيْتُونَ‎ az-zaytūna	زَيْتُونَ zaytūna
Genitive	زَيْتُونٍ zaytūnin	الزَّيْتُونِ‎ az-zaytūni	زَيْتُونِ zaytūni
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singulative	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَيْتُونَة‎ zaytūna	الزَّيْتُونَة‎ az-zaytūna	زَيْتُونَة‎ zaytūnat
Nominative	زَيْتُونَةٌ‎ zaytūnatun	الزَّيْتُونَةُ‎ az-zaytūnatu	زَيْتُونَةُ‎ zaytūnatu
Accusative	زَيْتُونَةً‎ zaytūnatan	الزَّيْتُونَةَ‎ az-zaytūnata	زَيْتُونَةَ‎ zaytūnata
Genitive	زَيْتُونَةٍ‎ zaytūnatin	الزَّيْتُونَةِ‎ az-zaytūnati	زَيْتُونَةِ‎ zaytūnati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَيْتُونَتَيْن‎ zaytūnatayn	الزَّيْتُونَتَيْن‎ az-zaytūnatayn	زَيْتُونَتَيْ‎ zaytūnatay
Nominative	زَيْتُونَتَانِ‎ zaytūnatāni	الزَّيْتُونَتَانِ‎ az-zaytūnatāni	زَيْتُونَتَا‎ zaytūnatā
Accusative	زَيْتُونَتَيْنِ‎ zaytūnatayni	الزَّيْتُونَتَيْنِ‎ az-zaytūnatayni	زَيْتُونَتَيْ‎ zaytūnatay
Genitive	زَيْتُونَتَيْنِ‎ zaytūnatayni	الزَّيْتُونَتَيْنِ‎ az-zaytūnatayni	زَيْتُونَتَيْ‎ zaytūnatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
Paucal (3-10)	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَيْتُونَات‎ zaytūnāt	الزَّيْتُونَات‎ az-zaytūnāt	زَيْتُونَات‎ zaytūnāt
Nominative	زَيْتُونَاتٌ‎ zaytūnātun	الزَّيْتُونَاتُ‎ az-zaytūnātu	زَيْتُونَاتُ‎ zaytūnātu
Accusative	زَيْتُونَاتٍ‎ zaytūnātin	الزَّيْتُونَاتِ‎ az-zaytūnāti	زَيْتُونَاتِ‎ zaytūnāti
Genitive	زَيْتُونَاتٍ‎ zaytūnātin	الزَّيْتُونَاتِ‎ az-zaytūnāti	زَيْتُونَاتِ‎ zaytūnāti

Descendants

Descendants of زيتون in other languages

→ Afar: daytuun
→ Amharic: ዘይቶን (zäyton)
→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܙܝܬܘܢܐ‎ (zaytona, zaytúni, “olive”)
→ Armenian: զեյթուն (zeytʿun)
→ Azerbaijani: зејтун, zeytun
→ Bashkir: зәйтүн (zäytün)
→ Bengali: জয়তূন (zôytūn)
→ Crimean Tatar: zeytün, ziytin
→ Ge'ez: ዘይቶን (zäyton), ዘይጦን (zäyṭon)
→ Hausa: zaitun
→ Hindustani:
- Hindi: ज़ैतून (zaitūn)
- Urdu: زیتون‎ (zaitūn)
→ Indonesian: zaitun
→ Kazakh: зәйтүн (zäitün)
→ Lishana Deni: זיתונא‎ (zaytūna)
→ Northern Kurdish: zeytûn
→ Kyrgyz: зайтун (zaytun)
→ Malay: zaitun
→ Ottoman Turkish: زیتون‎ (zeytun), زیتین‎ (zeytin)
- Turkish: zeytin
- → Bulgarian: зехти́н (zehtín, “olive oil”)
- → Macedonian: зејтин (zejtin, “cooking oil”)
- → Serbo-Croatian: зѐјтӣн / zèjtīn (“cooking oil”)
  - → Romanian: zăitin – Banat
- → Ubykh: зеиҭын (zejtən)
→ Persian: زیتون‎ (zeytun)
→ Pashto: زيتون‎ m (zaytún)
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: azeitona
- Portuguese: azeitona
→ Spanish: aceituna
→ Swahili: zeituni, zaituni
→ Tajik: зайтун (zaytun)
→ Tatar: зәйтүн (zäytün) / zäytün
→ Tausug: jaytun
→ Turkmen: зейтун / zeýtun
→ Turoyo: ܙܰܝܬܘܢܳܐ‎ (zaytuno, “olive”)
→ Uyghur: زەيتۇن‎ (zeytun)
→ Uzbek: zaytun
→ Zazaki: zeytun

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of Chinese 刺桐 (MC t͡sʰiᴇH duŋ, “coral tree”) in 刺桐城 (MC t͡sʰiᴇH duŋ d͡ʑiᴇŋ, “coral tree town”), an old name for Quanzhou.

Proper noun

زَيْتُون • (zaytūn) m

(historical geography) Zayton, the medieval trade name of the ports of Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in Fujian, China.

Declension

Declension of noun زَيْتُون (zaytūn)

Singular	basic singular diptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	زَيْتُون zaytūn	—
Nominative	—	زَيْتُونُ zaytūnu	—
Accusative	—	زَيْتُونَ zaytūna	—
Genitive	—	زَيْتُونَ zaytūna	—

References

Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 147
Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 37
Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 294
Shahîd, Irfan (1989) Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, pages 249–250
“zytwn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic زَيْتُون‎ (zaytūn).

Noun

زيتون • (zētūn) m (collective)

Alternative form of زتون‎ (zatūn, “olives”)

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