سيف

See also: سيق‎ and شيق‎

Arabic

Etymology

Related to Ancient Greek ξίφος (xíphos); either a loan, or from a common original source. The same word is probably preserved in Egyptian zft, Coptic ⲥⲏϥⲉ (sēfe). Dümichen (1867) suggested an Old Semitic saïf or sêf, Myres (1930) a possible Libyan or "Sea Peoples" word. The root س ي ف‎ (s-y-f) is denominal.

Compare Hebrew סיף‎ (sayif).

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /sajf/
- (Gulf Arabic) IPA^(key): /seːf/

Noun

سَيْف • (sayf) m (plural سُيُوف‎ (suyūf) or أَسْيَاف‎ (ʔasyāf) or أَسْيُف‎ (ʔasyuf))

sword, sabre, foil, rapier, scimitar

Declension

Declension of noun سَيْف (sayf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَيْف sayf	السَّيْف‎ as-sayf	سَيْف sayf
Nominative	سَيْفٌ sayfun	السَّيْفُ‎ as-sayfu	سَيْفُ sayfu
Accusative	سَيْفًا‎ sayfan	السَّيْفَ‎ as-sayfa	سَيْفَ sayfa
Genitive	سَيْفٍ sayfin	السَّيْفِ‎ as-sayfi	سَيْفِ sayfi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَيْفَيْن‎ sayfayn	السَّيْفَيْن‎ as-sayfayn	سَيْفَيْ‎ sayfay
Nominative	سَيْفَانِ‎ sayfāni	السَّيْفَانِ‎ as-sayfāni	سَيْفَا‎ sayfā
Accusative	سَيْفَيْنِ‎ sayfayni	السَّيْفَيْنِ‎ as-sayfayni	سَيْفَيْ‎ sayfay
Genitive	سَيْفَيْنِ‎ sayfayni	السَّيْفَيْنِ‎ as-sayfayni	سَيْفَيْ‎ sayfay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُيُوف‎‎; أَسْيَاف‎‎; أَسْيُف‎ suyūf‎; ʔasyāf‎; ʔasyuf	السُّيُوف‎‎; الْأَسْيَاف‎‎; الْأَسْيُف‎ as-suyūf‎; al-ʔasyāf‎; al-ʔasyuf	سُيُوف‎‎; أَسْيَاف‎‎; أَسْيُف‎ suyūf‎; ʔasyāf‎; ʔasyuf
Nominative	سُيُوفٌ‎‎; أَسْيَافٌ‎‎; أَسْيُفٌ‎ suyūfun‎; ʔasyāfun‎; ʔasyufun	السُّيُوفُ‎‎; الْأَسْيَافُ‎‎; الْأَسْيُفُ‎ as-suyūfu‎; al-ʔasyāfu‎; al-ʔasyufu	سُيُوفُ‎‎; أَسْيَافُ‎‎; أَسْيُفُ‎ suyūfu‎; ʔasyāfu‎; ʔasyufu
Accusative	سُيُوفًا‎‎; أَسْيَافًا‎‎; أَسْيُفًا‎ suyūfan‎; ʔasyāfan‎; ʔasyufan	السُّيُوفَ‎‎; الْأَسْيَافَ‎‎; الْأَسْيُفَ‎ as-suyūfa‎; al-ʔasyāfa‎; al-ʔasyufa	سُيُوفَ‎‎; أَسْيَافَ‎‎; أَسْيُفَ‎ suyūfa‎; ʔasyāfa‎; ʔasyufa
Genitive	سُيُوفٍ‎‎; أَسْيَافٍ‎‎; أَسْيُفٍ‎ suyūfin‎; ʔasyāfin‎; ʔasyufin	السُّيُوفِ‎‎; الْأَسْيَافِ‎‎; الْأَسْيُفِ‎ as-suyūfi‎; al-ʔasyāfi‎; al-ʔasyufi	سُيُوفِ‎‎; أَسْيَافِ‎‎; أَسْيُفِ‎ suyūfi‎; ʔasyāfi‎; ʔasyufi

Descendants

Gulf Arabic: سيف‎ (sēf)
Moroccan Arabic: سيف‎ (sayf, sīf)
Maltese: sejf
→ Amharic: ሰይፍ (säyf)
→ English: seif, Saiph
→ Ottoman Turkish: سیف‎ (seyf)
- Turkish: seyf
→ Persian: سیف‎ (seyf)
→ Tajik: сайф (sayf)

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /siːf/

Noun

سِيف • (sīf) m (plural أَسْيَاف‎ (ʔasyāf))

Declension

Declension of noun سِيف (sīf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِيف sīf	السِّيف‎ as-sīf	سِيف sīf
Nominative	سِيفٌ sīfun	السِّيفُ‎ as-sīfu	سِيفُ sīfu
Accusative	سِيفًا‎ sīfan	السِّيفَ‎ as-sīfa	سِيفَ sīfa
Genitive	سِيفٍ sīfin	السِّيفِ‎ as-sīfi	سِيفِ sīfi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِيفَيْن‎ sīfayn	السِّيفَيْن‎ as-sīfayn	سِيفَيْ‎ sīfay
Nominative	سِيفَانِ‎ sīfāni	السِّيفَانِ‎ as-sīfāni	سِيفَا‎ sīfā
Accusative	سِيفَيْنِ‎ sīfayni	السِّيفَيْنِ‎ as-sīfayni	سِيفَيْ‎ sīfay
Genitive	سِيفَيْنِ‎ sīfayni	السِّيفَيْنِ‎ as-sīfayni	سِيفَيْ‎ sīfay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْيَاف‎ ʔasyāf	الْأَسْيَاف‎ al-ʔasyāf	أَسْيَاف‎ ʔasyāf
Nominative	أَسْيَافٌ‎ ʔasyāfun	الْأَسْيَافُ‎ al-ʔasyāfu	أَسْيَافُ‎ ʔasyāfu
Accusative	أَسْيَافًا‎ ʔasyāfan	الْأَسْيَافَ‎ al-ʔasyāfa	أَسْيَافَ‎ ʔasyāfa
Genitive	أَسْيَافٍ‎ ʔasyāfin	الْأَسْيَافِ‎ al-ʔasyāfi	أَسْيَافِ‎ ʔasyāfi

Descendants

→ Ottoman Turkish: سیف‎

References

Wehr, Hans (1979), “س ي ف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic سَيْف‎ (sayf).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sajf/, /siːf/
Audio (file)

Noun

سيف • (sayf, sīf) m (plural سيوف‎ (syūf) or سيوفة‎ (syūfa))

sword, sabre

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