سپاه

Persian

Alternative forms

اسپاه‎ (espâh), اسپه‎ (espah), سپه‎ (sepah)

Etymology

From Middle Persian spʾh / 𐭮𐭯𐭠𐭧‎ (spāh), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwáHdʰaH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ (dual), from *ḱweh₁-, *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, be great”). Possible cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌‎ (sūidiiāi, “to swell, increase”, inf.), Bactrian σοδο (sodo /sūdo/, “plenty”), Middle Persian [script needed] (swd /sūd/), [script needed] (swwd /sūd/, “profit, advantage”), Sanskrit शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /siˈpɑːh/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /sɪˈpɑːh/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /seˈpɒːh/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /siˈpɔh/

Noun

سپاه • (sepâh) (plural سپاه‌ها‎ (sepâh-hâ))

army
Synonym: لشکر‎ (laškar)

Derived terms

سپاهی‎ (sepâhi)

Descendants

→ Urdu: سپاہ‎ (sipāh)

References

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “سپاه”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
Perixanjan, A. G. (1993) Материалы к этимологическому словарю древнеармянского языка. Часть I [Materials for the Etymological Dictionary of the Old Armenian Language. Part 1]‎ (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 18

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