شاه

See also: شاہ‎, ساہ‎, and شاة‎

Arabic

Verb

شَاهَ • (šāha) I, non-past يَشُوهُ‎‎ (yašūhu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Conjugation

Conjugation of

شَاهَ

(form-I hollow, verbal noun شَوْه)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					شَوْه‎ šawh
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					شَائِه‎ šāʔih
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شُهْتُ‎ šuhtu	شُهْتَ‎ šuhta	شَاهَ šāha	شُهْتُمَا‎ šuhtumā	شَاهَا‎ šāhā	شُهْنَا‎ šuhnā	شُهْتُمْ‎ šuhtum	شَاهُوا‎ šāhū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	شُهْتُ‎ šuhtu	شُهْتِ‎ šuhti	شَاهَتْ‎ šāhat	شُهْتُمَا‎ šuhtumā	شَاهَتَا‎ šāhatā	شُهْنَا‎ šuhnā	شُهْتُنَّ‎ šuhtunna	شُهْنَ‎ šuhna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشُوهُ‎ ʔašūhu	تَشُوهُ‎ tašūhu	يَشُوهُ‎ yašūhu	تَشُوهَانِ‎ tašūhāni	يَشُوهَانِ‎ yašūhāni	نَشُوهُ‎ našūhu	تَشُوهُونَ‎ tašūhūna	يَشُوهُونَ‎ yašūhūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَشُوهُ‎ ʔašūhu	تَشُوهِينَ‎ tašūhīna	تَشُوهُ‎ tašūhu	تَشُوهَانِ‎ tašūhāni	تَشُوهَانِ‎ tašūhāni	نَشُوهُ‎ našūhu	تَشُهْنَ‎ tašuhna	يَشُهْنَ‎ yašuhna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشُوهَ‎ ʔašūha	تَشُوهَ‎ tašūha	يَشُوهَ‎ yašūha	تَشُوهَا‎ tašūhā	يَشُوهَا‎ yašūhā	نَشُوهَ‎ našūha	تَشُوهُوا‎ tašūhū	يَشُوهُوا‎ yašūhū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَشُوهَ‎ ʔašūha	تَشُوهِي‎ tašūhī	تَشُوهَ‎ tašūha	تَشُوهَا‎ tašūhā	تَشُوهَا‎ tašūhā	نَشُوهَ‎ našūha	تَشُهْنَ‎ tašuhna	يَشُهْنَ‎ yašuhna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشُهْ‎ ʔašuh	تَشُهْ‎ tašuh	يَشُهْ‎ yašuh	تَشُوهَا‎ tašūhā	يَشُوهَا‎ yašūhā	نَشُهْ‎ našuh	تَشُوهُوا‎ tašūhū	يَشُوهُوا‎ yašūhū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَشُهْ‎ ʔašuh	تَشُوهِي‎ tašūhī	تَشُهْ‎ tašuh	تَشُوهَا‎ tašūhā	تَشُوهَا‎ tašūhā	نَشُهْ‎ našuh	تَشُهْنَ‎ tašuhna	يَشُهْنَ‎ yašuhna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		شُهْ‎ šuh		شُوهَا‎ šūhā			شُوهُوا‎ šūhū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		شُوهِي‎ šūhī		شُوهَا‎ šūhā			شُهْنَ‎ šuhna

Etymology 2

From Persian ‎.

Noun

شَاه • (šāh) m

shah
(chess) king
شاه مات‎ (šāh māt) — checkmate

Declension

Declension of noun شَاه (šāh)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَاه šāh	الشَّاه‎ aš-šāh	شَاه šāh
Nominative	شَاهٌ šāhun	الشَّاهُ‎ aš-šāhu	شَاهُ šāhu
Accusative	شَاهًا‎ šāhan	الشَّاهَ‎ aš-šāha	شَاهَ šāha
Genitive	شَاهٍ šāhin	الشَّاهِ‎ aš-šāhi	شَاهِ šāhi

Synonyms

ملك‎ (in chess)

Derived terms

شَاهَة‎ (šāha)

Descendants

→ Basque: xake
→ Czech: šach
→ Galician: xaque
→ Portuguese: xeque
→ Slovak: šach
→ Slovene: šah
→ Spanish: jaque
→ Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
- Italian: scacco
- Old French: eschec
  - French: échec
    - → Catalan: xec
  - → Middle Dutch: scaec
    - Dutch: schaak
    - → Danish: skak
  - → Middle English: chek, chekke
    - English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
  - → Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
    - English: chess
    - Scots: chess
- → Middle High German: schāch
  - German: Schach
    - → Russian: шах (šax)
      - → Armenian: շախ (šax)
    - → Hungarian: sakk
    - → Luxembourgish: Schach
    - → Romanian: șah
    - → Swedish: schack
      - → Finnish: shakki, šakki
- → Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
- ⇒ Medieval Latin: scaccarium
  - Old French: eschekier, escheker, eschequier, eskekier
    - Middle French: eschiquier
      - French: échiquier
    - Norman: êchitchi
    - → Middle English: escheker, cheker (see there for further descendants)

Persian

Alternative forms

شه‎ (šah)

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠‎ (mlkʾ /šāh/)[[Category:|شاه]], from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “king”), from Proto-Iranian *xšáyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”) (whence Sanskrit क्षयति (kṣáyati)), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃɑːh/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃɑːh/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃɒːh/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /ʃɔh/

Audio (Iran) (file)

Noun

Iranian Persian	شاه
Dari	شاه
Tajik	шоҳ (šoh)

شاه • (šâh) (plural شاهان‎ (šâhân))

king; shah
(chess) king
(in compounds) Something that is the biggest or the best of its kind.
(archaic) bridegroom, son-in-law, or brother-in-law
- 10^th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
  ‏‎
  magar šâh râ nazd-e mâh âvarim / be nazdik-e 'u pâygâh âvarim
  [... We shall not give up] unless we bring the groom (Zāl) before the Moon (metaphor: Rudāba), / and settle him by her side.
Synonym: شاه‌داماد‎ (šâh-dâmâd)

Derived terms

شاه مات‎ (šâh mât)
شاهدخت‎ (šâh-doxt)
شاهدزد‎ (šâhdozd)
شاهراه‎ (šâhrâh)
شاهرود‎ (šâhrud)
شاهرگ‎ (šâh-rag)
شاهزاده‎ (šâh-zâde)
شاهسپرم‎ (šâhasparam)
شاهنامه‎ (šâh-nâme)
شاهنشاه‎ (šâhanšâh)
شاهکار‎ (šâh-kâr)
شاه‌توت‎ (šâh-tut)
شاه‌داماد‎ (šâh-dâmâd)
شاه‌دانه‎ (šâh-dâne)
شاه‌طوطی‎ (šâh-tuti)

Descendants

→ Arabic: شَاه‎ (šāh)
- → Basque: xake
- → Czech: šach
- → Galician: xaque
- → Portuguese: xeque
- → Slovak: šach
- → Slovene: šah
- → Spanish: jaque
- → Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
  - Italian: scacco
  - Old French: eschec
    - French: échec
      - → Catalan: xec
    - → Middle Dutch: scaec
      - Dutch: schaak
      - → Danish: skak
    - → Middle English: chek, chekke
      - English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
    - → Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
      - English: chess
      - Scots: chess
  - → Middle High German: schāch
    - German: Schach
      - → Russian: шах (šax)
        → Armenian: շախ (šax)
      - → Hungarian: sakk
      - → Luxembourgish: Schach
      - → Romanian: șah
      - → Swedish: schack
        → Finnish: shakki, šakki
  - → Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
  - ⇒ Medieval Latin: scaccarium
    - Old French: eschekier, escheker, eschequier, eskekier
      - Middle French: eschiquier
        French: échiquier
      - Norman: êchitchi
      - → Middle English: escheker, cheker (see there for further descendants)
→ Azerbaijani: şah
→ Bashkir: шаһ (şah)
→ Belarusian: шах (šax)
→ Bengali: শাহ (śah)
→ Bulgarian: шах (šah)
→ Catalan: xa
→ Chinese: 沙阿 (shā'ā), 沙赫 (shāhè)
→ Danish: shah
→ Dutch: sjah
→ English: shah
→ Estonian: šahh
→ Finnish: šakki, shakki, sakki
→ French: schah, chah, shah
→ Georgian: შაჰი (šahi)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: शाह (śāh)

Urdu: شاہ‎ (šāh)
→ Hungarian: sakk
→ Irish: seá
→ Italian: scià
→ Japanese: シャー (shā)
→ Kazakh: шаһ (şah)
→ Korean: 샤 (sya)
→ Kumyk: шагь (şah)
→ Kyrgyz: шах (şah)
→ Latvian: šahs
→ Lezgi: шагь (šah)
→ Lithuanian: šachas
→ Macedonian: шах (šah)
→ Malay: syah
→ Mongolian: шах (šax)
→ Middle Armenian: շահ (šah)
- Armenian: շահ (šah)
→ Norwegian: sjah
→ Old Norse: skák
- Faroese: skák
- Icelandic: skák
- Norwegian Bokmål: sjakk
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sjakk
→ Ottoman Turkish: شاه‎ (shâh)
- Turkish: şah
- → Albanian: shah
- → Hungarian: sah
- → Romanian: șah
→ Pashto: شاه‎ (šāh)
→ Polish: szach
→ Portuguese: xá
→ Russian: шах (šax)
- → Armenian: շախ (šax)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шах

Latin script: šah
→ Spanish: sah
→ Swedish: shah
→ Tatar: шаһ (şah)
→ Turkish: şah
→ Turkmen: şah
→ Ukrainian: шах (šax)
→ Uyghur: شاھ‎ (shah)
→ Uzbek: shoh
→ Vietnamese: sa
→ Zazaki: şağ

Chess pieces in Arabic · (layout · text)

شَاه (šāh)	وَزِير‎ (wazīr)	رُخّ‎ (ruḵḵ)	فِيل‎ (fīl)	حِصَان‎ (ḥiṣān)	بَيْدَق‎ (baydaq) – جُنْدِيّ‎ (jundiyy)

Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج‎ (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)

شاه (šâh)	وزیر‎ (vazir)	رخ‎ (rox), قلعه‎ (qal'e)	فیل‎ (fil)	اسب‎ (asb)	پیاده‎ (piyâde), سرباز‎ (sarbâz)