ش ك م

Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou suggests a causative, which would be Proto-Semitic *ša-, attached to كَمَّ‎ (kamma, “to muzzle”), which would probably mean this root, and perhaps the other too, is an Aramaic borrowing, since Proto-Semitic š regularly gives Arabic س‎ (s), unless it had a variant *śa-. Compare also شِكَال‎ (šikāl, “hobble”). Perhaps extended from شَكَّ‎ (šakka, “to stick together”) then. But both شِكَال‎ (šikāl, “hobble”) and شَكِيمَة‎ (šakīma, “bit, snaffle”) are suspicious of Middle Iranian origin.

ش ك م • (š-k-m)

1. related to bitting

• Form I: شَكَمَ‎ (šakama, “to bit, to stop the mouth; to requit, to remunerate, to compensate”)
  • Verbal noun: شَكْم‎ (šakm)
  • Active participle: شَاكِم‎ (šākim)
  • Passive participle: مَشْكُوم‎ (maškūm)
• Form IV: أَشْكَمَ‎ (ʔaškama, “to requit, to remunerate, to compensate”)
  • Verbal noun: إِشْكَام‎ (ʔiškām)
  • Active participle: مُشْكِم‎ (muškim)
  • Passive participle: مُشْكَم‎ (muškam)

• شُكْم‎ (šukm, “remuneration, compensation”)
• شُكْمَى‎ (šukmā, “remuneration, compensation”)
• شَكِيمَة‎ (šakīma, “bit, snaffle”)

• Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 723
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “ش ك م”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 779
• Freytag, Georg (1833), “ش ك م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 444
• Lane, Edward William (1863), “ش ك م”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1588–1589
• Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “ش ك م”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 670–671