عدو

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ع د و‎ (ʕ-d-w).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.duww/

Noun

عَدُوّ • (ʕaduww) m (plural أَعْدَاء‎ (ʔaʕdāʔ) or عِدًى‎ (ʕidan) or عُدًى‎ (ʕudan) or أَعَادٍ‎ (ʔaʕādin), feminine عَدُوّ (ʕaduww) or عَدُوَّة‎ (ʕaduwwa))

enemy; foe
Antonyms: صَدِيق‎ (ṣadīq), حَلِيف‎ (ḥalīf), خَلِيل‎ (ḵalīl), نَصِير‎ (naṣīr)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 43:67:
  
  ‏الْأَخِلَّاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقِينَ‎
  al-ʔaḵillāʔu yawmaʔiḏin baʕḍuhum li-baʕḍin ʕaduwwun ʔillā l-muttaqīna
  Close friends, that Day, will be enemies to each other, except for the righteous.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 63:4:
  
  ‏هُمُ ٱلْعَدُوُّ فَٱحْذَرْهُمْ‎
  humu l-ʕaduwwu faḥḏarhum
  They are the enemy, so beware of them.

Declension

Declension of noun عَدُوّ (ʕaduww)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَدُوّ ʕaduww	الْعَدُوّ‎ al-ʕaduww	عَدُوّ ʕaduww
Nominative	عَدُوٌّ ʕaduwwun	الْعَدُوُّ‎ al-ʕaduwwu	عَدُوُّ ʕaduwwu
Accusative	عَدُوًّا‎ ʕaduwwan	الْعَدُوَّ‎ al-ʕaduwwa	عَدُوَّ ʕaduwwa
Genitive	عَدُوٍّ ʕaduwwin	الْعَدُوِّ‎ al-ʕaduwwi	عَدُوِّ ʕaduwwi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَدُوَّيْن‎ ʕaduwwayn	الْعَدُوَّيْن‎ al-ʕaduwwayn	عَدُوَّيْ‎ ʕaduwway
Nominative	عَدُوَّانِ‎ ʕaduwwāni	الْعَدُوَّانِ‎ al-ʕaduwwāni	عَدُوَّا‎ ʕaduwwā
Accusative	عَدُوَّيْنِ‎ ʕaduwwayni	الْعَدُوَّيْنِ‎ al-ʕaduwwayni	عَدُوَّيْ‎ ʕaduwway
Genitive	عَدُوَّيْنِ‎ ʕaduwwayni	الْعَدُوَّيْنِ‎ al-ʕaduwwayni	عَدُوَّيْ‎ ʕaduwway
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural in ـًى (-an)‎; broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَعْدَاء‎‎; عِدَى‎‎; عُدَى‎‎; أَعَادِي‎ ʔaʕdāʔ‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī	الْأَعْدَاء‎‎; الْعِدَى‎‎; الْعُدَى‎‎; الْأَعَادِي‎ al-ʔaʕdāʔ‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī	أَعْدَاء‎‎; عِدَى‎‎; عُدَى‎‎; أَعَادِي‎ ʔaʕdāʔ‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī
Nominative	أَعْدَاءٌ‎‎; عِدًى‎‎; عُدًى‎‎; أَعَادٍ‎ ʔaʕdāʔun‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādin	الْأَعْدَاءُ‎‎; الْعِدَى‎‎; الْعُدَى‎‎; الْأَعَادِي‎ al-ʔaʕdāʔu‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī	أَعْدَاءُ‎‎; عِدَى‎‎; عُدَى‎‎; أَعَادِي‎ ʔaʕdāʔu‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī
Accusative	أَعْدَاءً‎‎; عِدًى‎‎; عُدًى‎‎; أَعَادِيَ‎ ʔaʕdāʔan‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādiya	الْأَعْدَاءَ‎‎; الْعِدَى‎‎; الْعُدَى‎‎; الْأَعَادِيَ‎ al-ʔaʕdāʔa‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādiya	أَعْدَاءَ‎‎; عِدَى‎‎; عُدَى‎‎; أَعَادِيَ‎ ʔaʕdāʔa‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādiya
Genitive	أَعْدَاءٍ‎‎; عِدًى‎‎; عُدًى‎‎; أَعَادٍ‎ ʔaʕdāʔin‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādin	الْأَعْدَاءِ‎‎; الْعِدَى‎‎; الْعُدَى‎‎; الْأَعَادِي‎ al-ʔaʕdāʔi‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī	أَعْدَاءِ‎‎; عِدَى‎‎; عُدَى‎‎; أَعَادِي‎ ʔaʕdāʔi‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī

Derived terms

اَلْحَقُّ مَا شَهِدَتْ بِهِ ٱلْأَعْدَاءُ‎ (al-ḥaqqu mā šahidat bihi l-ʔaʕdāʔu, proverb)
عَدُوُّ عَدُوِّي صَدِيقِي‎ (ʕaduwwu ʕaduwwī ṣadīqī, proverb)

Descendants

Maltese: għadu
→ Northern Kurdish: edû
→ Persian: عَدو‎ ('adu)
→ Swahili: adui
→ Somali: cadow
→ Tajik: аду (adu)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979), “عدو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عَدُوّ‎ (ʕaduww).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕduww/

Noun

عدو • (ʕduww) m (plural عديان‎ (ʕadyān), feminine عدوة‎ (ʕduwwa))

enemy; foe

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