عفو

Arabic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕafw/

Noun

عَفْو • (ʕafw) m

verbal noun of عَفَا‎ (ʕafā) (form I)
pardon, forgiveness, remission of sins, amnesty, absolution
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:219:
  ‏وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ ٱلْعَفْوَ‎
  wayasʔalūnaka māḏā yunfiqūna quli l-ʕafwa
  (please add an English translation of this quote)

Declension

Declension of noun عَفْو (ʕafw)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَفْو ʕafw	الْعَفْو‎ al-ʕafw	عَفْو ʕafw
Nominative	عَفْوٌ ʕafwun	الْعَفْوُ‎ al-ʕafwu	عَفْوُ ʕafwu
Accusative	عَفْوًا‎ ʕafwan	الْعَفْوَ‎ al-ʕafwa	عَفْوَ ʕafwa
Genitive	عَفْوٍ ʕafwin	الْعَفْوِ‎ al-ʕafwi	عَفْوِ ʕafwi

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: əfv
→ Chagatai: عَفْو‎
- Uzbek: afv
→ Northern Kurdish: efû
→ Ottoman Turkish: عفو‎ (ʻafv)
- Turkish: af
→ Persian: عفو‎ ('afv)
→ Urdu: عفو‎

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.fuww/

Adjective

عَفُوّ • (ʕafuww)

remitting much, clement, inclined to frequent pardon
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:149:
  ‏إِنْ تُبْدُوا خَيْرًا أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ أَوْ تَعْفُوا عَنْ سُوءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّٰهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا قَدِيرًا‎
  ʔin tubdū ḵayran ʔaw tuḵfūhu ʔaw taʕfū ʕan sūʔin faʔinna llāha kāna ʕafuwwan qadīran
  (please add an English translation of this quote)

Declension

Declension of adjective عَفُوّ (ʕafuww)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	عَفُوّ ʕafuww	الْعَفُوّ‎ al-ʕafuww	عَفُوّ ʕafuww	الْعَفُوّ‎ al-ʕafuww
Nominative	عَفُوٌّ ʕafuwwun	الْعَفُوُّ‎ al-ʕafuwwu	عَفُوٌّ ʕafuwwun	الْعَفُوُّ‎ al-ʕafuwwu
Accusative	عَفُوًّا‎ ʕafuwwan	الْعَفُوَّ‎ al-ʕafuwwa	عَفُوًّا‎ ʕafuwwan	الْعَفُوَّ‎ al-ʕafuwwa
Genitive	عَفُوٍّ ʕafuwwin	الْعَفُوِّ‎ al-ʕafuwwi	عَفُوٍّ ʕafuwwin	الْعَفُوِّ‎ al-ʕafuwwi
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	عَفُوَّيْن‎ ʕafuwwayn	الْعَفُوَّيْن‎ al-ʕafuwwayn	عَفُوَّيْن‎ ʕafuwwayn	الْعَفُوَّيْن‎ al-ʕafuwwayn
Nominative	عَفُوَّانِ‎ ʕafuwwāni	الْعَفُوَّانِ‎ al-ʕafuwwāni	عَفُوَّانِ‎ ʕafuwwāni	الْعَفُوَّانِ‎ al-ʕafuwwāni
Accusative	عَفُوَّيْنِ‎ ʕafuwwayni	الْعَفُوَّيْنِ‎ al-ʕafuwwayni	عَفُوَّيْنِ‎ ʕafuwwayni	الْعَفُوَّيْنِ‎ al-ʕafuwwayni
Genitive	عَفُوَّيْنِ‎ ʕafuwwayni	الْعَفُوَّيْنِ‎ al-ʕafuwwayni	عَفُوَّيْنِ‎ ʕafuwwayni	الْعَفُوَّيْنِ‎ al-ʕafuwwayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	plural unknown		plural unknown
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?
Nominative	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?
Accusative	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?
Genitive	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: əfüvv
→ Chagatai: عَفُوّ‎
- Uzbek: afuvv
→ Kazakh: ғапу (ğapu)
→ Ottoman Turkish: عفو‎ (ʻafüvv)
- Turkish: afüvv
→ Tatar: гафу (ğafu)
→ Persian: عفو‎ ('afovv)
→ Urdu: عفو‎

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَفْو‎ (ʕafw).

Noun

عفو • (ʻafv)

a forgiving, forgiveness, pardon
an excusing from some duty
a dismissing or releasing from some office, dismissal; release

Derived terms

عفو اتمك‎ (ʻafv etmek)
عفو اولمق‎ (ʻafv olmak)
عفو اولنمز‎ (ʻafv olunmaz)
عفو اولنمق‎ (ʻafv olunmak)
عفو عمومی‎ (ʻafv-ı ʻumûmî)

Descendants

Turkish: af

References

Redhouse, James W. (1890), “عفو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, pages 1308–1309

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَفُوّ‎ (ʕafuww).

Adjective

عفو • (ʻafüvv)

habitually forgiving
all-forgiving (God)

Descendants

Turkish: afüvv

References

Redhouse, James W. (1890), “عفو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1309

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَفْو‎ (ʕafw).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔafw/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔafw/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔæfv/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /ʔafv/

Noun

عفو • ('afv)

erasing, cancelling, obliterating
effacing the vestiges of the house, covering them with dust (wind)
forgiving, passing by a transgression
remitting punishment
loathing anything
pardon, forgiveness, remission of sins

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَفُوّ‎ (ʕafuww).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔafuww/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔafʊww/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔæfov/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /ʔafuvv/

Adjective

عفو • ('afovv)

one who forgives much
‏‎ ― 'afovv va ğafur ― (God) the pardoner and forgiver

References

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “عفو”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “عفو”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَفْو‎ (ʕafw).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)əfʋ/

(Deccani) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)əfʋ/

Noun

عفو • ('afv) m

absolution, forgiveness, pardon, remission (of sins)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَفُوّ‎ (ʕafuww).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ə.fʊʋʋ/

(Deccani) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ə.fʊʋʋ/

Adjective

عفو • ('afuvv)

forgiving, merciful

References

“عفو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
Platts, John T. (1884), “عفو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
“عفو”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.

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