علم

See also: غلم‎ and ع ل م‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ع ل م‎ (ʕ-l-m).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕa.li.ma/

Verb

عَلِمَ • (ʕalima) I, non-past يَعْلَمُ‎‎ (yaʕlamu)

  1. (transitive) to know, to have knowledge, to be cognizant, to be aware
  2. to be informed, to be familiar, to be acquainted
  3. to perceive, to discern, to find out, to learn
Conjugation

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕal.la.ma/

Verb

عَلَّمَ • (ʕallama) II, non-past يُعَلِّمُ‎‎ (yuʕallimu)

  1. (ditransitive) to teach, to instruct, to train, to educate
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:49:
      ‏إِنَّهُ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَكُمُ السِّحْرَ فَلَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ‎
      ʔinnahu lakabīrukumu allaḏī ʕallamakumu as-siḥra falasawfa taʕlamūna
      He is indeed your chief who has taught you magic! Soon you will know!
  2. (transitive) to designate, to mark, to earmark
Conjugation

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕilm/
  • (file)

Noun

عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلُوم‎ (ʕulūm))

  1. verbal noun of عَلِمَ (ʕalima) (form I)
  2. knowledge, learning, lore
  3. cognition, acquaintance
  4. information
  5. perception, knowledge
  6. (plural عُلُوم‎ (ʕulūm)) science
    ‏الْعُلُوم‎
    al-ʕulūm
    the natural sciences
Declension
Descendants
  • → Bengali: এলেম (elem)
  • → Nogai: илми (ilmi)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: عالم‎ (ʿilm, ʿilim)
    > Turkish: ilim (inherited)
  • → Tatar: гыйлем (ğıylem)
  • → Persian: علم‎ ('elm)
  • → Urdu: علم‎ ('elm)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕa.lam/

Noun

عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (plural أَعْلَام‎ (ʔaʕlām))

  1. sign, token, mark, badge
  2. harelip
  3. road sign, guidepost
  4. flag, banner
  5. authority, luminary, star, personage, distinguished man
  6. a mountain
    ‏أَشْهَرُ مِنْ نَارٍ عَلَى عَلَم‎‎ ― ʔašharu min nārin ʕalā ʕalam ― very famous (literally, “more famous than a fire on a mountain”)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:32:
      ‏وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ ٱلْجَوَارِ فِي ٱلْبَحْرِ كَٱلْأَعْلَامِ‎‎
      wamin ʔāyātihi l-jawāri fī l-baḥri kal-ʔaʕlāmi
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
  7. (grammar, linguistics) proper noun
Declension
Descendants
  • → Ottoman Turkish: عالم‎ (ʿalam, ʿalem)
    > Turkish: alem (inherited)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕaː.lam/

Noun

عٰلَم • (ʕālam) m

  1. Classical Arabic form of عَالَم‎ (ʕālam)

References

  • Wehr, Hans (1979), “علم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم‎ (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

(phonemic)

(phonetic)

Noun

Dari علم
Iranian Persian
Tajik илм (ilm)

علم • ('elm) (plural علوم‎ ('olum))

  1. science (knowledge via the scientific method)
  2. knowledge, science
    Synonym: دانش‎ (dâneš)
Derived terms
  • شبه‌علم‎ (šabe'elmi, “pseudoscience”)
  • علمی‎ ('elmi, “scientific”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم‎ (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /aˈlam/

Noun

علم • ('alam) (plural علم‌ها‎ ('alam-hâ))

  1. flag
  2. standard (flag)
  3. banner
Synonyms

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ل م‎

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَّمَ‎ (ʕallama).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕal.lam/, [ˈʕal.lam]
  • (file)

Verb

علّم • (ʕallam) (form II, present بعلّم‎ (biʕallem))

  1. to teach
Conjugation
    Conjugation of علّم (ʕallam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m علّمت (ʕallamt) علّمت (ʕallamt) علّم (ʕallam) علّمنا (ʕallamna) علّمتو (ʕallamtu) علّمو (ʕallamu)
f علّمتي (ʕallamti) علّمت (ʕallamat)
present m بعلّم (baʕallem) بتعلّم (bitʕallem) بعلّم (biʕallem) منعلّم (minʕallem) بتعلّمو (bitʕallmu) بعلّمو (biʕallmu)
f بتعلّمي (bitʕallmi) بتعلّم (bitʕallem)
subjunctive m اعلّم (aʕallem) تعلّم (tʕallem) يعلّم (yʕallem) نعلّم (nʕallem) تعلّمو (tʕallmu) يعلّمو (yʕallmu)
f تعلّمي (tʕallmi) تعلّم (tʕallem)
imperative m علّم (ʕallem) علّمو (ʕallmu)
f علّمي (ʕallmi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic عِلْم‎ (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕilm/, [ˈʕɪ.l(ɪ)m]
  • (file)

Noun

علم • (ʕilm) m (plural علوم‎ (ʕulūm))

  1. knowledge, science
    Synonym: معرفة‎ (maʕrife)
    ‏على علمي‎‎ ― ʕala ʕilmi ― as far as I know

Etymology 3

From Arabic عَلَم‎ (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕa.lam/, [ˈʕa.lam]
  • (file)

Noun

علم • (ʕalam) m (plural أعلام‎ (ʾaʕlām))

  1. flag

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم‎ (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

Noun

علم • ('ilm) m (Hindi spelling इल्म)

  1. knowledge, learning
  2. literature

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم‎ (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

Noun

علم • ('alam) m (Hindi spelling अलम)

  1. mark, sign, decoration
  2. spear
  3. (geometry) gnomon
  4. (grammar) proper noun
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