ع ف ر

Variant of غ ب ر‎ (ḡ-b-r), while ع ف ر • (ʕ-f-r) is less common but common in Hebrew and Aramaic ע־פ־ר‎. Ge'ez has only አፈር (ʾäfär, “dust”) which is considered a loanword from either Amharic or Hebrew – it is present in Amharic, Harari, Sebat Bet Gurage, Argobba. Sabaean 𐩲𐩰𐩧‎ (ʿfr) means “to perform, to do consideration”. From Proto-Semitic *ʿapar- (“soil, dust”).

ع ف ر • (ʕ-f-r)

1. related to ash

• Form I: عَفَرَ‎ (ʕafara, “to cover with dust, to soot, to wallow in dust”)
  • Verbal noun: عَفْر‎ (ʕafr)
  • Active participle: عَافِر‎ (ʕāfir)
  • Passive participle: مَعْفُور‎ (maʕfūr)
• Form II: عَفَّرَ‎ (ʕaffara, “synonym of عَفَرَ‎ (ʕafara); to make ash-gray; to pick together, to glean”)
  • Verbal noun: تَعْفِير‎ (taʕfīr)
  • Active participle: مُعَفِّر‎ (muʕaffir)
  • Passive participle: مُعَفَّر‎ (muʕaffar)
• Form III: عَافَرَ‎ (ʕāfara, “to fight, to make cleave the dust”)
  • Verbal noun: مُعَافَرَة‎ (muʕāfara), عِفَار‎ (ʕifār)
  • Active participle: مُعَافِر‎ (muʕāfir)
  • Passive participle: مُعَافَر‎ (muʕāfar)
• Form V: تَعَفَّرَ‎ (taʕaffara, “to become inquinated with dust”)
  • Verbal noun: تَعَفُّر‎ (taʕaffur)
  • Active participle: مُتَعَفِّر‎ (mutaʕaffir)
• Form VI: تَعَافَرَ‎ (taʕāfara, “to be made ash-gray”)
  • Verbal noun: تَعَافُر‎ (taʕāfur)
  • Active participle: مُتَعَافِر‎ (mutaʕāfir)
• Form VII: اِنْعَفَرَ‎ (inʕafara, “to become rubbed or rolled in dust”)
  • Verbal noun: اِنْعِفَار‎ (inʕifār)
  • Active participle: مُنْعَفِر‎ (munʕafir)
• Form VIII: اِعْتَفَرَ‎ (iʕtafara, “to become inquinated with dust”)
  • Verbal noun: اِعْتِفَار‎ (iʕtifār)
  • Active participle: مُعْتَفِر‎ (muʕtafir)

• عِفْر‎ (ʕifr, “farrow”)
• عَفَر‎ (ʕafar, “dust”)
• عُفْرَة‎ (ʕufra, “dust colour”)
• عُفَار‎ (ʕufār, “dust”)
• عَفَار‎ (ʕafār, “certain ignitable plants”)
• عَفَّارَة‎ (ʕaffāra, “pulverizer, atomizer, sprayer”)
• يَعْفُور‎ (yaʕfūr, “gazelle of ash-gray colour”)
• عَفِير‎ (ʕafīr, “dry, dusty”)
• عِفْرِيَة‎ (ʕifriya, “long hair or feathers dangling behind a beast, mane”)
• عَفَّار‎ (ʕaffār, “who pollinates”)
• عِفْرِيت‎ (ʕifrīt, “wicked”)

• Dillmann, August (1865) Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 808
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 10
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “ع ف ر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 143
• Freytag, Georg (1835), “ع ف ر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 183–184
• Lane, Edward William (1863), “ع ف ر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2089–2091
• Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “ع ف ر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 854