غلام

Arabic

Etymology

From the root غ ل م‎ (ḡ-l-m). Compare Hebrew עֶלֶם‎ (ʿélem, “a virgin boy”).

Noun

غُلَام • (ḡulām) m (plural غِلْمَان‎ (ḡilmān) or غِلْمَة‎ (ḡilma) or أَغْلِمَة‎ (ʔaḡlima), feminine غُلَامَة‎ (ḡulāma))

a young male human, a boy-child
Synonyms: صَبِيّ‎ (ṣabiyy), فَتًى‎ (fatan), شَابّ‎ (šābb)

Coordinate terms: صَبِيَّة‎ (ṣabiyya), فَتَاة‎ (fatāh), شَابَّة‎ (šābba), (archaic) جَارِيَة‎ (jāriya)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 19:7:
  ‏يَا زَكَرِيَّا إِنَّا نُبَشِّرُكَ بِغُلَامٍ ٱسْمُهُ يَحْيَىٰ‎
  yā zakariyyā ʔinnā nubašširuka biḡulāmin smuhu yaḥyā
  Zakariyyāh, we bring you the good news of a boy whose name shall be Yaḥyāh.
- 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi
  ‏فَرُبَّ غُلَامٍ عَلَّمَ الْمَجْدَ نَفْسَهُ كَتَعْلِيمِ سَيْفِ الدَّوْلَةِ الطَّعْنَ وٱلضَّرْبَا‎
  (please add an English translation of this quote)
a boy-servant; a slave-boy

Usage notes

The feminine of this word is now very rare, being instead replaced by صَبِيَّة‎ (ṣabiyya) or its synonyms.

Declension

Declension of noun غُلَام (ḡulām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غُلَام ḡulām	الْغُلَام‎ al-ḡulām	غُلَام ḡulām
Nominative	غُلَامٌ ḡulāmun	الْغُلَامُ‎ al-ḡulāmu	غُلَامُ ḡulāmu
Accusative	غُلَامًا‎ ḡulāman	الْغُلَامَ‎ al-ḡulāma	غُلَامَ ḡulāma
Genitive	غُلَامٍ ḡulāmin	الْغُلَامِ‎ al-ḡulāmi	غُلَامِ ḡulāmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غُلَامَيْن‎ ḡulāmayn	الْغُلَامَيْن‎ al-ḡulāmayn	غُلَامَيْ‎ ḡulāmay
Nominative	غُلَامَانِ‎ ḡulāmāni	الْغُلَامَانِ‎ al-ḡulāmāni	غُلَامَا‎ ḡulāmā
Accusative	غُلَامَيْنِ‎ ḡulāmayni	الْغُلَامَيْنِ‎ al-ḡulāmayni	غُلَامَيْ‎ ḡulāmay
Genitive	غُلَامَيْنِ‎ ḡulāmayni	الْغُلَامَيْنِ‎ al-ḡulāmayni	غُلَامَيْ‎ ḡulāmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غِلْمَان‎‎; غِلْمَة‎‎; أَغْلِمَة‎ ḡilmān‎; ḡilma‎; ʔaḡlima	الْغِلْمَان‎‎; الْغِلْمَة‎‎; الْأَغْلِمَة‎ al-ḡilmān‎; al-ḡilma‎; al-ʔaḡlima	غِلْمَان‎‎; غِلْمَة‎‎; أَغْلِمَة‎ ḡilmān‎; ḡilmat‎; ʔaḡlimat
Nominative	غِلْمَانٌ‎‎; غِلْمَةٌ‎‎; أَغْلِمَةٌ‎ ḡilmānun‎; ḡilmatun‎; ʔaḡlimatun	الْغِلْمَانُ‎‎; الْغِلْمَةُ‎‎; الْأَغْلِمَةُ‎ al-ḡilmānu‎; al-ḡilmatu‎; al-ʔaḡlimatu	غِلْمَانُ‎‎; غِلْمَةُ‎‎; أَغْلِمَةُ‎ ḡilmānu‎; ḡilmatu‎; ʔaḡlimatu
Accusative	غِلْمَانًا‎‎; غِلْمَةً‎‎; أَغْلِمَةً‎ ḡilmānan‎; ḡilmatan‎; ʔaḡlimatan	الْغِلْمَانَ‎‎; الْغِلْمَةَ‎‎; الْأَغْلِمَةَ‎ al-ḡilmāna‎; al-ḡilmata‎; al-ʔaḡlimata	غِلْمَانَ‎‎; غِلْمَةَ‎‎; أَغْلِمَةَ‎ ḡilmāna‎; ḡilmata‎; ʔaḡlimata
Genitive	غِلْمَانٍ‎‎; غِلْمَةٍ‎‎; أَغْلِمَةٍ‎ ḡilmānin‎; ḡilmatin‎; ʔaḡlimatin	الْغِلْمَانِ‎‎; الْغِلْمَةِ‎‎; الْأَغْلِمَةِ‎ al-ḡilmāni‎; al-ḡilmati‎; al-ʔaḡlimati	غِلْمَانِ‎‎; غِلْمَةِ‎‎; أَغْلِمَةِ‎ ḡilmāni‎; ḡilmati‎; ʔaḡlimati

Descendants

→ English: ghulam
→ Northern Kurdish: xulam
→ Ottoman Turkish: غلام‎ (gulâm)
→ Persian: غلام‎ (ğolâm)
→ Rohingya: gulam
→ Swahili: ghulamu
→ Tajik: ғулом (ġulom)

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic غُلَام‎ (ḡulām).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /ɣulɑːm/

(Dari): IPA^(key): /ɣʊlɒːm/

(Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /ɢolɒːm/
(Tajik): IPA^(key): /ɣulɔːm/

Noun

Iranian Persian	غلام
Dari	غلام
Tajik	ғулом (ġulom)

غلام • (ğolâm)

servant, slave

Synonyms

بنده‎ (bande)
عبد‎ ('abd)

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