قفص

Arabic

قَفَص

Etymology

From Aramaic קוּפְסָא‎ (qūp̄sā) / קַפְצָא‎ (qap̄əṣā) / ܩܰܦܣܳܐ‎ (qap̄əsā) / ܩܰܦܨܳܐ‎ (qap̄əṣā, “cage”), from Ancient Greek κάψος (kápsos) or Latin capsus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /qa.fasˤ/, (obsolete) IPA^(key): /qufsˤ/
- (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /ɡa.fasˤ/
- (Moroccan) IPA^(key): /qfasˤ/

Noun

قَفَص or قُفْص • (qafaṣ or qufṣ) m (plural أَقْفَاص‎ (ʔaqfāṣ))

cage, birdcage, pen, coop
basket, particularly if it is similar in mould to a cage
Synonym: سَلَّة‎ (salla)
thorax

Declension

Declension of noun قَفَص (qafaṣ)‎; قُفْص (qufṣ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَفَص‎; قُفْص qafaṣ‎; qufṣ	الْقَفَص‎‎; الْقُفْص‎ al-qafaṣ‎; al-qufṣ	قَفَص‎; قُفْص qafaṣ‎; qufṣ
Nominative	قَفَصٌ‎; قُفْصٌ qafaṣun‎; qufṣun	الْقَفَصُ‎‎; الْقُفْصُ‎ al-qafaṣu‎; al-qufṣu	قَفَصُ‎; قُفْصُ qafaṣu‎; qufṣu
Accusative	قَفَصًا‎‎; قُفْصًا‎ qafaṣan‎; qufṣan	الْقَفَصَ‎‎; الْقُفْصَ‎ al-qafaṣa‎; al-qufṣa	قَفَصَ‎; قُفْصَ qafaṣa‎; qufṣa
Genitive	قَفَصٍ‎; قُفْصٍ qafaṣin‎; qufṣin	الْقَفَصِ‎‎; الْقُفْصِ‎ al-qafaṣi‎; al-qufṣi	قَفَصِ‎; قُفْصِ qafaṣi‎; qufṣi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَفَصَيْن‎‎; قُفْصَيْن‎ qafaṣayn‎; qufṣayn	الْقَفَصَيْن‎‎; الْقُفْصَيْن‎ al-qafaṣayn‎; al-qufṣayn	قَفَصَيْ‎‎; قُفْصَيْ‎ qafaṣay‎; qufṣay
Nominative	قَفَصَانِ‎‎; قُفْصَانِ‎ qafaṣāni‎; qufṣāni	الْقَفَصَانِ‎‎; الْقُفْصَانِ‎ al-qafaṣāni‎; al-qufṣāni	قَفَصَا‎‎; قُفْصَا‎ qafaṣā‎; qufṣā
Accusative	قَفَصَيْنِ‎‎; قُفْصَيْنِ‎ qafaṣayni‎; qufṣayni	الْقَفَصَيْنِ‎‎; الْقُفْصَيْنِ‎ al-qafaṣayni‎; al-qufṣayni	قَفَصَيْ‎‎; قُفْصَيْ‎ qafaṣay‎; qufṣay
Genitive	قَفَصَيْنِ‎‎; قُفْصَيْنِ‎ qafaṣayni‎; qufṣayni	الْقَفَصَيْنِ‎‎; الْقُفْصَيْنِ‎ al-qafaṣayni‎; al-qufṣayni	قَفَصَيْ‎‎; قُفْصَيْ‎ qafaṣay‎; qufṣay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَقْفَاص‎ ʔaqfāṣ	الْأَقْفَاص‎ al-ʔaqfāṣ	أَقْفَاص‎ ʔaqfāṣ
Nominative	أَقْفَاصٌ‎ ʔaqfāṣun	الْأَقْفَاصُ‎ al-ʔaqfāṣu	أَقْفَاصُ‎ ʔaqfāṣu
Accusative	أَقْفَاصًا‎ ʔaqfāṣan	الْأَقْفَاصَ‎ al-ʔaqfāṣa	أَقْفَاصَ‎ ʔaqfāṣa
Genitive	أَقْفَاصٍ‎ ʔaqfāṣin	الْأَقْفَاصِ‎ al-ʔaqfāṣi	أَقْفَاصِ‎ ʔaqfāṣi

Descendants

Gulf Arabic: قفص‎ (gʊfəṣ)
Maltese: qafas
→ Kazakh: қапас (qapas)
→ Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: قەفەس‎ (qefes), قەفەز‎ (qefez)

Northern Kurdish: qefes

Southern Kurdish: قەفەس‎ (qefes), قەفەز‎ (qefez)
→ Persian: قفس‎ (qafas)
- → Azerbaijani: qəfəs
- → Hindustani
  Hindi: क़फ़स (qafas)
  Urdu: قفس‎ (qafas)
- → Uyghur: قەپەس‎ (qepes)
- → Ottoman Turkish: قفس‎ (kafes)
  - Turkish: kafes
  - → Albanian: kafaz
  - → Armenian: խաֆես (xafes), կաֆաս (kafas)
  - → Bulgarian: кафе́з (kaféz)
  - → Crimean Tatar: qafes
  - → Greek: καφάσι (kafási), καφασωτός (kafasotós)
  - → Macedonian: кафез (kafez)
  - → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ка̀вез
    Latin script: kàvez

References

Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 118–119
Lane, Edward William (1863), “قفص”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2551

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