كأس

See also: کاش‎, گاش‎, and کاس‎

Arabic

Etymology

Has been envisioned as from Proto-Semitic *kaʔs-. The Arabic form could be a hypercorrection after a borrowing from the Aramaic forms listed under it however, since inheritance of Akkadian 𒃲 (kāsum) from such a proto-form is irregular as one expects vocalism like in Akkadian 𒊕 (rēšum) from Proto-Semitic *raʔš-, so also considering the absence in Ethiopian Semitic one may conclude a post-Proto-Semitic external borrowing.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kaʔs/
Audio (file)

Noun

كَأْس • (kaʔs) f (plural كُؤُوس‎ (kuʔūs) or أَكْؤُس‎ (ʔakʔus) or كِئَاس‎ (kiʔās))

a glass, especially a wine glass or arak glass
a cup, goblet, tumbler
a cup trophy
‏كَأْس العَالَمِ‎‎ ― kaʔs al-ʕālami ― world cup

Declension

Declension of noun كَأْس (kaʔs)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَأْس kaʔs	الْكَأْس‎ al-kaʔs	كَأْس kaʔs
Nominative	كَأْسٌ kaʔsun	الْكَأْسُ‎ al-kaʔsu	كَأْسُ kaʔsu
Accusative	كَأْسًا‎ kaʔsan	الْكَأْسَ‎ al-kaʔsa	كَأْسَ kaʔsa
Genitive	كَأْسٍ kaʔsin	الْكَأْسِ‎ al-kaʔsi	كَأْسِ kaʔsi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَأْسَيْن‎ kaʔsayn	الْكَأْسَيْن‎ al-kaʔsayn	كَأْسَيْ‎ kaʔsay
Nominative	كَأْسَانِ‎ kaʔsāni	الْكَأْسَانِ‎ al-kaʔsāni	كَأْسَا‎ kaʔsā
Accusative	كَأْسَيْنِ‎ kaʔsayni	الْكَأْسَيْنِ‎ al-kaʔsayni	كَأْسَيْ‎ kaʔsay
Genitive	كَأْسَيْنِ‎ kaʔsayni	الْكَأْسَيْنِ‎ al-kaʔsayni	كَأْسَيْ‎ kaʔsay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كُؤُوس‎‎; أَكْؤُس‎‎; كِئَاس‎ kuʔūs‎; ʔakʔus‎; kiʔās	الْكُؤُوس‎‎; الْأَكْؤُس‎‎; الْكِئَاس‎ al-kuʔūs‎; al-ʔakʔus‎; al-kiʔās	كُؤُوس‎‎; أَكْؤُس‎‎; كِئَاس‎ kuʔūs‎; ʔakʔus‎; kiʔās
Nominative	كُؤُوسٌ‎‎; أَكْؤُسٌ‎‎; كِئَاسٌ‎ kuʔūsun‎; ʔakʔusun‎; kiʔāsun	الْكُؤُوسُ‎‎; الْأَكْؤُسُ‎‎; الْكِئَاسُ‎ al-kuʔūsu‎; al-ʔakʔusu‎; al-kiʔāsu	كُؤُوسُ‎‎; أَكْؤُسُ‎‎; كِئَاسُ‎ kuʔūsu‎; ʔakʔusu‎; kiʔāsu
Accusative	كُؤُوسًا‎‎; أَكْؤُسًا‎‎; كِئَاسًا‎ kuʔūsan‎; ʔakʔusan‎; kiʔāsan	الْكُؤُوسَ‎‎; الْأَكْؤُسَ‎‎; الْكِئَاسَ‎ al-kuʔūsa‎; al-ʔakʔusa‎; al-kiʔāsa	كُؤُوسَ‎‎; أَكْؤُسَ‎‎; كِئَاسَ‎ kuʔūsa‎; ʔakʔusa‎; kiʔāsa
Genitive	كُؤُوسٍ‎‎; أَكْؤُسٍ‎‎; كِئَاسٍ‎ kuʔūsin‎; ʔakʔusin‎; kiʔāsin	الْكُؤُوسِ‎‎; الْأَكْؤُسِ‎‎; الْكِئَاسِ‎ al-kuʔūsi‎; al-ʔakʔusi‎; al-kiʔāsi	كُؤُوسِ‎‎; أَكْؤُسِ‎‎; كِئَاسِ‎ kuʔūsi‎; ʔakʔusi‎; kiʔāsi

Descendants

Gulf Arabic: كاس‎ (kās)
Maltese: kies
Moroccan Arabic: كاس‎ (kās)
→ Hijazi Arabic: كأس‎ (kaʔs) (learned)

References

Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 171
van Putten, Marijn (2022) Quranic Arabic. From its Hijazi Origins to its Classical Reading Traditions (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 106)‎, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, 6.4.11 Kās → kaʔs, page 167
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “كأس”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, pages 868–869

Hijazi Arabic

كَأْس

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic كَأْس‎ (kaʔs).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkaʔs/

Noun

كأس • (kaʔs) m (plural كُؤُوس‎ (kuʾūs))

cup (trophy)