لغة

From the root ل غ و‎ (l-ḡ-w). Related to Hebrew לוע / לֹעַ‎ (lṓaʿ, “throat, pharynx, maw”).

• IPA^(key): /lu.ɣa/

• Audio

  (file)

لُغَة • (luḡa) f (plural لُغَات‎ (luḡāt))

1. language

   Synonym: لِسَان‎ (lisān)

2. dialect, vernacular

   Synonym: لَهْجَة‎ (lahja)

3. jargon
4. (linguistics) a variant
   • 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “وي”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs]‎, فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح‎ (ḥāʔ)], page 211:

     ‏حَيِيَ حَياةً وَحَيَّ يَحْيَا وَيَحَيُّ فَهُوَ حَيٌّ، وَلِلْجَمِيعِ حَيُّوا، بِٱلتَّشْدِيدِ، قَالَ: وَلُغَةٌ أُخْرَى حَيَّ يَحَيُّ وَلِلْجَمِيعِ حَيُوا، خَفِيفَة.‎‎

     ḥayiya ḥayātan wa-ḥayya yaḥyā wa-yaḥayyu fa-huwa ḥayyun, wa-li-l-jamīʕi ḥayyū, bi-t-tašdīdi, qāla: wa-luḡatun ʔuḵrā ḥayya yaḥayyu wa-li-l-jamīʕi ḥayū, ḵafīfa.

     He lived a life, and he lived, he lives and he lives so he is alive, and in the plural they lived, with gemination; [it was] said: another variant is he lived, he lives, and in the plural they lived, [without gemination].

   • (Can we date this quote?), الفَرَّاء، أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَا بِن زِيَاد [Al-Farrāʾ], جَابِر بِن عَبْدِ اللهِ السُّرَيِّع, editor, كِتَابٌ فِيهِ لُغَاتُ القُرْآن (kitābun fīhi luḡātu al-qurʔān) [A book containing variant readings of the Qur'an], published 2014:

     ‏وَفِي (نَسْتَعِينُ) لُغَتَانِ: قُرَيْشٌ وَكِنَانَةُ يَنْصِبُونَ النُّونَ، وَعَامَّةُ العَرَبِ مِن بَنِي قَيْسِ وَرَبِيعَةَ يَقُولُونَ: نِسْتَعِينُ...‎‎

     wa-fī (nastaʕīnu) luḡatāni: qurayšun wa-kinānatu yanṣibūna n-nūna, wa-ʕāmmatu l-ʕarabi min banī qaysi wa-rabīʕata yaqūlūna: nistaʕīnu...

     And there are two variants of نَسْتَعِينُ‎ (nastaʕīnu): Quraysh and Kinanah pronounce it with na-, [whereas] the general Arab public of the tribes Tamim, Qays, and Rabīʿa say: nistaʿīnu...

5. (with the definite article) Classical Arabic
6. lexicography, lexicographic literature, lexicographers
   • a. 1050, مروان بن جناح‎ [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, editors, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 825 (fol. 70r,14–v,1), page 963:

     ‏القبج بالفارسية هو الحجل عنه ومن كتاب أهرن وفي اللغة: القبج ذكر الحجل، قال الصنوبري
     يٰأخِي قُمْ فَقَدْ شَجَجْنا لَكَ الرَّاحَ … فَخُذْها مَشْجُوجَةً أيّ شَجّ
     قَطَعَ المَاءُ جِسْمَها قِطَعًا لَمْ … تَغْذِ أَمْثالَها مَناقِيرُ قَبْج‎

     Al-qabj is Persian for partridge ibidem [in ar-Rāzī’s Ḥāwī]. From ʾAhrun’s book and the lexicographers: It is the male partridge. Aṣ-Ṣanawbarīy said:
     O brother, get up! We have mixed wine for you.
     Take it in a mixed state in whichever fashion!
     The water has stripped down its substance into bits,
     of size smaller than chukar beaks eat.

• لُغَة أَجْنَبِيَّة‎ (luḡa ʔajnabiyya, “foreign language”)
• لُغَة عَامِّيَّة‎ (luḡa ʕāmmiyya, “popular language”)
• لُغَة الْمُحَادَة‎ (luḡat al-muḥāda, “colloquial language”)
• لُغَة الْمِحْنَة‎ (luḡat al-miḥna, “professional jargon, slang”)
• لُغَة الْمَوْلِد‎ (luḡat al-mawlid, “mother tongue”)
• أَهْل اللُّغَة‎ (ʔahl al-luḡa, “philologists, lexicographers”)
• عِلْم اللُّغَة‎ (ʕilm al-luḡa, “lexicography, philology, linguistics”)
• لُغَوِيّ‎ (luḡawiyy, “linguistic, philological, lexicographical”)

• لَغَا‎ (laḡā)
• لَغِيَ‎ (laḡiya)
• أَلْغَى‎ (ʔalḡā)
• لَغْوَة‎ (laḡwa, “dialect, idiom, vernacular”)

• Gulf Arabic: لغة‎ (luḡa)
• → Azerbaijani: lüğət
• → Malay: loghat (“dialect”)
  • Indonesian: logat
• → Ottoman Turkish: لغت‎ (lüğat)
  • Turkish: lügat
• → Persian: لغت‎ (loğat)
• → Swahili: lugha
• → Tajik: луғат (luġat)
• → Urdu: لغت‎ (luġat, “dictionary”)
• → Uzbek: lug'at
• → Uyghur: لۇغەت‎ (lughet)

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “لغو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

From Arabic لُغَة‎ (luḡa).

• IPA^(key): /lu.ɣe/, [ˈlʊ.ɣa]
• IPA^(key): /lu.ɣa/, [ˈlʊ.ɣa]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

لغة • (luḡa) f (plural لغات‎ (luḡāt))

1. language

   ‏لغة أجنبية‎‎ ― luḡa ʔajnabiyye ― foreign language

   ‏اللغة الأم‎‎ ― il-luḡa il-ʔumm ― native language, mother tongue

   Audio (Ramallah)

   (file)

• لهجة‎ (lahje, “dialect”)