ܚܝܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Root
ܚ ܝ ܐ‎ (ḥ y ʾ)
4 terms

Etymology 1

From Aramaic חֲיֶא‎ (ḥăyyē); related to Arabic حَيَاة‎ (ḥayāh), Hebrew חַיִּים‎ (khayím).

Pronunciation
  • (standard) IPA(key): [xaj.jeː]
  • (Nineveh Plains) IPA(key): [xɑːjeː]

Noun

ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ • (ḥayyē) m pl (plural only)

  1. life (period during which one is alive)
    • John 15:13:
      ‏ܠܲܝܬ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܒܘܼܫ ܓܘܼܪܵܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܐܵܗܵܐ، ܕܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ܕܝܵܗ݇ܒ݂ܹܠ ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܗܝ ܡ̣ܢ ܓܹܒܵܐ ܕܡܘܼܚܸܒܘܼ̈ܗܝ.‎‎
      layt ḥubā buš gurā min āhā, d-nāšā d-yāḇēl ḥayuh min gēbā d-muḥibuh.
      There is no greater love than this, for one to lay down his life for his beloved.
  2. life (the process of life, all biological life)
    ‏ܗܵܠܵܐ ܠܹܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܚܒܝܼܪܹ̈ܐ ܐܸܢ ܐܝܼܬ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܒܢܸܪܓܲܠ.‎‎
    hālā lē ìwaḥ ḥbīrē in īt ḥayyē b-nirgal.
    We still have not discovered if there is life on Mars.
    • John 14:16:
      ‏ܓ̰ܘܼܘܸܒ ܠܹܗ ܐܸܠܹܗ ܝܼܫܘܿܥ: «ܐܵܢܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ ܘܫܪܵܪܵܐ ܘܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ. ܐܘܼܦ ܚܲܕ݇ ܠܹܐ ܐܵܬܹܐ ܠܟܸܣ ܒܵܒܵܐ ܐܸܠܵܐ ܒܝܼܝܼ.‎‎
      juwib lēh illēh īšoʿ: “ānā ìwen urḥā w-šrārā wḥayyē. up ḥa lē ātē l-kis bābā illā bīyī.
      Jesus replied to him: “I am the way, the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.”
Inflection
Inflection of ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥayyē)
number isolated forms with possessive pronouns
state form person singular plural
m f
plural absolute – 1st person ܚܲܝܝܼ̈‎ (ḥayī) ܚܲܝܲܢ̈‎
(ḥayyan)
construct ܚܲܝܲܝ̈‎
(ḥayyay)		 2nd person ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܟ݂‎
(ḥayuḵ)		 ܚܲܝܵܟ݂ܝ̈‎
(ḥayyāḵ)		 ܚܲܝܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ‎
(ḥayyāwḵon)
emphatic ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ
(ḥayyē)		 3rd person ܚܲܝܹ̈ܗ‎
(ḥayyēh)		 ܚܲܝ̈ܘܿܗ̇‎
(ḥayoh)		 ܚܲܝܗ̈ܘܿܢ‎
(ḥayhon)
Antonyms
Derived terms
  • ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܠܥܵܠܲܡ‎ (ḥayyē dlʿālam, “eternal life”)
  • ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ‎ (ktāḇā dḥayyē, “life story”)
See also

Etymology 2

Related to the above; compare Arabic حَيِيَ‎ (ḥayiya) and Hebrew חַי‎ (kháy)

Adjective

ܚܲܝܵܐ • (ḥayyā) (feminine ܚܲܝܬܵܐ‎ (ḥaytā), plural ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥayyē))

  1. alive, living, live, lively
    ‏ܠܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܡܝܼܬܵܐ، ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܚܲܝܵܐ!‎‎
    He is not dead, but alive!
    ‏ܒܸܪܓ݂ܵܫܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܪܵܒܵܐ ܚܵܝܵܐ ܐܸܕܝܵܘܡ، ܣܵܒܵܒ ܫܬܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܩܲܗܘܵܐ.‎‎
    birḡāšā ìwen rābā ḥāyā idyāwm, sābāb štē lī qahwā.
    I am feeling very lively today, because I drank coffee.

Pronunciation
  • (standard) IPA(key): [xɑːjeː]
  • (Nineveh Plains) IPA(key): [xaheː]

Verb

ܚܵܝܹܐ • (ḥāyē) (present participle ܚܝܵܝܵܐ‎ (ḥyāyā), past participle ܚܸܝܝܵܐ‎ (ḥiyyā))

  1. to live; be alive; have life
    ‏ܐܲܣܝܼܪܹ̈ܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ، ܚܵܝܲܚ ܒܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܵܐ.‎‎
    asīrē ìwaḥ wā īnā ādīyā, ḥāyaḥ b-ḥērutā.
    We were prisoners but now, we live in freedom.
  2. to live; reside; inhabit: To have permanent residence somewhere.
    ‏ܐܲܚܢܲܢ ܒܸܚܵܝܵܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܓܵܘ ܬܲܝܡܢܵܐ ܕܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ.‎‎
    aḥnan biḥḥāyā ìwaḥ gāw taymnā d-ninwē.
    We live in South of Nineveh.
    Synonyms: ܥܵܡܹܪ‎ (ʿāmēr), ܫܵܟ݂ܹܢ‎ (šāḵēn)
Conjugation
Conjugation of ܚܵܝܹܐ (ḥāyē)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ܚܝܹܐ ܠܝܼ‎
(ḥyē lī)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂‎
(ḥyē luḵ)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܹܗ‎
(ḥyē lēh)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܲܢ‎
(ḥyē lan)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ‎
(ḥyē lāwḵon)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ‎
(ḥyē lhon)
f ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ‎
(ḥyē lāḵ)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇‎
(ḥyē lāh)
non-past m ܚܵܝܹܝܢ‎
(ḥāyēn)		 ܚܵܝܹܝܬ‎
(ḥāyēt)		 ܚܵܝܹܐ
(ḥāyē)		 ܚܵܝܲܚ‎
(ḥāyaḥ)		 ܚܵܝܹܝܬܘܿܢ‎
(ḥāyēton)		 ܚܵܝܝܼ‎
(ḥāyī)
f ܚܵܝܝܵܢ‎
(ḥāyyān)		 ܚܵܝܝܵܬܝ‎
(ḥāyyāt)		 ܚܵܝܝܵܐ‎
(ḥāyyā)
imperative m ܚܝܝܼ‎
(ḥyī)		 ܚܝܹܝܡܘܼܢ‎
(ḥyēmun)
f ܚܝܹܐ
(ḥyē)

Etymology 4

From the third-person non-past of the above; compare similar in Hebrew יְחִי‎ (y'khí).

Interjection

ܚܵܝܹܐ or ܚܵܝܵܐ • (ḥāyē or ḥāyā)

  1. long live
    ‏ܚܵܝܹܐ ܡܲܠܟܵܐ!‎‎ ― ḥāyē malkā! ― Long live the king!
    ‏ܚܵܝܵܐ ܐܵܫܘܿܪ!‎‎ ― ḥāyā āšor! ― Long live Assyria!
Usage notes
  • ܚܵܝܹܐ is the masculine form and ܚܵܝܵܐ is the feminine form
See also
  • ܚܵܝܹܬ‎ (ḥāyēt, “May you live”)

Classical Syriac

Alternative forms
  • (rare) ܚܝܝܐ‎ (ḥayyēʾ)

Etymology

From the root ܚ-ܝ-ܐ‎ (ḥ-y-ʾ) related to living; compare Arabic حَيَاة‎ (ḥayāh), Hebrew חַיִּים‎ (ḥayyîm).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ħajje(ʔ)]

Noun

ܚܝܐ • (ḥayyē) m (plural only; not used in singular form)

  1. life, lives
  2. salvation
  3. subsistence, sustenance, nourishment

Usage notes

Although plural in number, this word may take a verb in either the plural or singular.

Inflection
    declension of ܚܝܐ
state singular plural
absolute — ܚܝܝܢ‎
construct — ܚܝ‎
emphatic — ܚܝܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my) — ܚܝܝ‎
2nd m. sg. (your) — ܚܝܝܟ‎
2nd f. sg. (your) — ܚܝܝܟܝ‎
3rd m. sg. (his) — ܚܝܘܗܝ‎
3rd f. sg. (her) — ܚܝܝܗ‎
1st c. pl. (our) — ܚܝܝܢ‎
2nd m. pl. (your) — ܚܝܝܟܘܢ‎
2nd f. pl. (your) — ܚܝܝܟܝܢ‎
3rd m. pl. (their) — ܚܝܝܗܘܢ‎
3rd f. pl. (their) — ܚܝܝܗܝܢ‎

See also

References
  • “ḥyyn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-09-23
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 103a
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 139a
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 444b
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