गुण

See also: गण, गण्, and गुणा

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɡʊɳ/, [ɡʊ̃ɳ]

Noun

गुण • (guṇ) m

  1. quality, condition
    उसके कोई अच्छे गुण हैं ही नहीं।
    uske koī acche guṇ ha͠i hī nahī̃.
    He has no good qualities at all.
  2. characteristic, property
  3. merit, virtue

Declension
Declension of गुण (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct गुण
guṇ		 गुण
guṇ
oblique गुण
guṇ		 गुणों
guṇõ
vocative गुण
guṇ		 गुणो
guṇo

Alternative forms

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).

Noun

गुण • (guṇa) m

  1. virtue

Descendants
  • Gujarati: ગુણ (guṇ)

Pali

Alternative forms
Alternative forms
  • guṇa (Latin script)
  • 𑀕𑀼𑀡 (Brahmi script)
  • গুণ (Bengali script)
  • ගුණ (Sinhalese script)
  • ဂုဏ or ၷုꧣ (Burmese script)
  • คุณ or คุณะ (Thai script)
  • ᨣᩩᨱ (Tai Tham script)
  • ຄຸຓ or ຄຸຓະ (Lao script)
  • គុណ (Khmer script)
  • 𑄉𑄪𑄕 (Chakma script)

Noun

गुण m

  1. Devanagari script form of guṇa (“string”)
  2. Devanagari script form of guṇa (“quality”)

Declension
Declension table of "गुण" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)गुणो (guṇo)गुणा (guṇā)
Accusative (second)गुणं (guṇaṃ)गुणे (guṇe)
Instrumental (third)गुणेन (guṇena)गुणेहि (guṇehi) or गुणेभि (guṇebhi)
Dative (fourth)गुणस्स (guṇassa) or गुणाय (guṇāya) or गुणत्थं (guṇatthaṃ)गुणानं (guṇānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)गुणस्मा (guṇasmā) or गुणम्हा (guṇamhā) or गुणा (guṇā)गुणेहि (guṇehi) or गुणेभि (guṇebhi)
Genitive (sixth)गुणस्स (guṇassa)गुणानं (guṇānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)गुणस्मिं (guṇasmiṃ) or गुणम्हि (guṇamhi) or गुणे (guṇe)गुणेसु (guṇesu)
Vocative (calling)गुण (guṇa)गुणा (guṇā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • ᬕᬸᬡ (Balinese script)
  • গুণ (Assamese script)
  • গুণ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰐𑰲𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀕𑀼𑀡 (Brahmi script)
  • 𑌗𑍁𑌣 (Grantha script)
  • ગુણ (Gujarati script)
  • ਗੁਣ (Gurmukhi script)
  • ꦒꦸꦟ (Javanese script)
  • គុណ (Khmer script)
  • ಗುಣ (Kannada script)
  • ຄຸຓ (Lao script)
  • ഗുണ (Malayalam script)
  • 𑘐𑘳𑘜 (Modi script)
  • ᠺᠤᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • ᡤᡠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
  • ဂုဏ (Burmese script)
  • 𑦰𑧔𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐐𑐸𑐞 (Newa script)
  • ଗୁଣ (Oriya script)
  • ꢔꢸꢠ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆓𑆶𑆟 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖐𑖲𑖜 (Siddham script)
  • ගුණ (Sinhalese script)
  • గుణ (Telugu script)
  • คุณ (Thai script)
  • གུ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒑𑒳𑒝 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

Unknown. Oldest attested meaning is probably “time, occurrence”.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

गुण • (guṇá) m

  1. string, strand
  2. sinew (of a bow)
  3. string (of an instrument)
  4. time (occurrence)
    • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 10.8.43:
      त्रिभिर्गुणेभिर्
      tribhír guṇébhir
      three times
  5. quality, property
  6. (grammar, ablaut) full grade of vowels, ie /a/, /ar/, /e/, and /o/ (contrasts with zero grade and lengthened grade/vṛddhi)

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of गुण (guṇá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative गुणः
guṇáḥ		 गुणौ
guṇaú		 गुणाः / गुणासः¹
guṇā́ḥ / guṇā́saḥ¹
Vocative गुण
gúṇa		 गुणौ
gúṇau		 गुणाः / गुणासः¹
gúṇāḥ / gúṇāsaḥ¹
Accusative गुणम्
guṇám		 गुणौ
guṇaú		 गुणान्
guṇā́n
Instrumental गुणेन
guṇéna		 गुणाभ्याम्
guṇā́bhyām		 गुणैः / गुणेभिः¹
guṇaíḥ / guṇébhiḥ¹
Dative गुणाय
guṇā́ya		 गुणाभ्याम्
guṇā́bhyām		 गुणेभ्यः
guṇébhyaḥ
Ablative गुणात्
guṇā́t		 गुणाभ्याम्
guṇā́bhyām		 गुणेभ्यः
guṇébhyaḥ
Genitive गुणस्य
guṇásya		 गुणयोः
guṇáyoḥ		 गुणानाम्
guṇā́nām
Locative गुणे
guṇé		 गुणयोः
guṇáyoḥ		 गुणेषु
guṇéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants

References
  1. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 489

Further reading
  • Monier Williams (1899), “गुण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0357.
  • Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “गुण”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
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