गूथ
Pali
Alternative forms
Declension
Declension table of "गूथ" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | गूथं (gūthaṃ) | गूथानि (gūthāni) |
| Accusative (second) | गूथं (gūthaṃ) | गूथानि (gūthāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | गूथेन (gūthena) | गूथेहि (gūthehi) or गूथेभि (gūthebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | गूथस्स (gūthassa) or गूथाय (gūthāya) or गूथत्थं (gūthatthaṃ) | गूथानं (gūthānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | गूथस्मा (gūthasmā) or गूथम्हा (gūthamhā) or गूथा (gūthā) | गूथेहि (gūthehi) or गूथेभि (gūthebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | गूथस्स (gūthassa) | गूथानं (gūthānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | गूथस्मिं (gūthasmiṃ) or गूथम्हि (gūthamhi) or गूथे (gūthe) | गूथेसु (gūthesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | गूथ (gūtha) | गूथानि (gūthāni) |
When masculine, the following three cases have some differences:
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬕᬹᬣ (Balinese script)
- গূথ (Assamese script)
- গূথ (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰳𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀽𑀣 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌗𑍂𑌥 (Grantha script)
- ગૂથ (Gujarati script)
- ਗੂਥ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦒꦹꦡ (Javanese script)
- គូថ (Khmer script)
- ಗೂಥ (Kannada script)
- ຄູຖ (Lao script)
- ഗൂഥ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘐𑘴𑘞 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠤᠤᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡤᡠᡠᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
- ဂူထ (Burmese script)
- 𑦰𑧕𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐹𑐠 (Newa script)
- ଗୂଥ (Oriya script)
- ꢔꢹꢢ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆷𑆡 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖳𑖞 (Siddham script)
- ගූථ (Sinhalese script)
- గూథ (Telugu script)
- คูถ (Thai script)
- གཱུ་ཐ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒴𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *guHtʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷuh₁-tHó-s.
Cognate with Proto-Slavic *govьno, Proto-Iranian *guHθáh (whence Avestan 𐬔𐬏𐬚𐬀 (gūθa), Persian گوه (guh)). The Sanskrit root is गू (gū) .
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of गूथ (gūtha) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | गूथः gūthaḥ |
गूथौ gūthau |
गूथाः / गूथासः¹ gūthāḥ / gūthāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | गूथ gūtha |
गूथौ gūthau |
गूथाः / गूथासः¹ gūthāḥ / gūthāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | गूथम् gūtham |
गूथौ gūthau |
गूथान् gūthān |
| Instrumental | गूथेन gūthena |
गूथाभ्याम् gūthābhyām |
गूथैः / गूथेभिः¹ gūthaiḥ / gūthebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | गूथाय gūthāya |
गूथाभ्याम् gūthābhyām |
गूथेभ्यः gūthebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | गूथात् gūthāt |
गूथाभ्याम् gūthābhyām |
गूथेभ्यः gūthebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | गूथस्य gūthasya |
गूथयोः gūthayoḥ |
गूथानाम् gūthānām |
| Locative | गूथे gūthe |
गूथयोः gūthayoḥ |
गूथेषु gūtheṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of गूथ (gūtha) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | गूथम् gūtham |
गूथे gūthe |
गूथानि / गूथा¹ gūthāni / gūthā¹ |
| Vocative | गूथ gūtha |
गूथे gūthe |
गूथानि / गूथा¹ gūthāni / gūthā¹ |
| Accusative | गूथम् gūtham |
गूथे gūthe |
गूथानि / गूथा¹ gūthāni / gūthā¹ |
| Instrumental | गूथेन gūthena |
गूथाभ्याम् gūthābhyām |
गूथैः / गूथेभिः¹ gūthaiḥ / gūthebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | गूथाय gūthāya |
गूथाभ्याम् gūthābhyām |
गूथेभ्यः gūthebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | गूथात् gūthāt |
गूथाभ्याम् gūthābhyām |
गूथेभ्यः gūthebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | गूथस्य gūthasya |
गूथयोः gūthayoḥ |
गूथानाम् gūthānām |
| Locative | गूथे gūthe |
गूथयोः gūthayoḥ |
गूथेषु gūtheṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Pali: gūtha
- Prakrit: 𑀕𑀽𑀳 (gūha)
- Assamese: গু (gu)
- Bengali: গু (gu)
- Dhivehi: ގުއި (gui), ގޫ (gū)
- Gujarati: ગૂ (gū)
- Hindustani:
- Konkani: गू (gū)
- Marathi: गू (gū)
- Nepali: गू (gū), गुह् (guh), गुहु (guhu), गु (gu)
- Oriya: ଗୁହ (guhô), ଘୁଅ (ghuô), ଗୁ (gu), ଗଅ (gôô), ଗଇ (gôi)
- Punjabi: ਗੂੰਹ (gū̃h)
- Sindhi: [script needed] (gū̃hu)
- Sinhalese: ගූ (gū)
- Sylheti: ꠉꠥ (gu)
- → Oriya: ଗୁଥ (guthô) (learned)
- → Sinhalese: ගූථ (gūtha) (learned)
Further reading
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “gūtha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 226
- Monier Williams (1899), “गूथ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0361.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “गूथ”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 667
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2023), “gūtha”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
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