गृध्र

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गृध्र (gṛ́dhra). Doublet of गिद्ध (giddh), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɡɾɪd̪ʱ.ɾᵊ/

Adjective

गृध्र (gŕdhra) (indeclinable)

  1. (rare, formal) greedy
    Synonyms: (more common) लालची (lālcī), लोभी (lobhī)

Noun

गृध्र (gŕdhra) m

  1. (rare, formal) a vulture
    Synonym: (more common) गिद्ध (giddh)

Declension

References

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥dʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ró-s, from *g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- (to desire greedily).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gərəδa, greedy), Proto-Slavic *gȏldъ (hunger).

Adjective

गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)

  1. desiring greedily or fervently, eager for, desirous
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative गृध्रः
gṛ́dhraḥ
गृध्रौ
gṛ́dhrau
गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹
gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹
Vocative गृध्र
gṛ́dhra
गृध्रौ
gṛ́dhrau
गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹
gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹
Accusative गृध्रम्
gṛ́dhram
गृध्रौ
gṛ́dhrau
गृध्रान्
gṛ́dhrān
Instrumental गृध्रेण
gṛ́dhreṇa
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्रैः / गृध्रेभिः¹
gṛ́dhraiḥ / gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹
Dative गृध्राय
gṛ́dhrāya
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्रेभ्यः
gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Ablative गृध्रात्
gṛ́dhrāt
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्रेभ्यः
gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Genitive गृध्रस्य
gṛ́dhrasya
गृध्रयोः
gṛ́dhrayoḥ
गृध्राणाम्
gṛ́dhrāṇām
Locative गृध्रे
gṛ́dhre
गृध्रयोः
gṛ́dhrayoḥ
गृध्रेषु
gṛ́dhreṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of गृध्रा (gṛ́dhrā)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative गृध्रा
gṛ́dhrā
गृध्रे
gṛ́dhre
गृध्राः
gṛ́dhrāḥ
Vocative गृध्रे
gṛ́dhre
गृध्रे
gṛ́dhre
गृध्राः
gṛ́dhrāḥ
Accusative गृध्राम्
gṛ́dhrām
गृध्रे
gṛ́dhre
गृध्राः
gṛ́dhrāḥ
Instrumental गृध्रया / गृध्रा¹
gṛ́dhrayā / gṛ́dhrā¹
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्राभिः
gṛ́dhrābhiḥ
Dative गृध्रायै
gṛ́dhrāyai
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्राभ्यः
gṛ́dhrābhyaḥ
Ablative गृध्रायाः
gṛ́dhrāyāḥ
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्राभ्यः
gṛ́dhrābhyaḥ
Genitive गृध्रायाः
gṛ́dhrāyāḥ
गृध्रयोः
gṛ́dhrayoḥ
गृध्राणाम्
gṛ́dhrāṇām
Locative गृध्रायाम्
gṛ́dhrāyām
गृध्रयोः
gṛ́dhrayoḥ
गृध्रासु
gṛ́dhrāsu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Neuter a-stem declension of गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative गृध्रम्
gṛ́dhram
गृध्रे
gṛ́dhre
गृध्राणि / गृध्रा¹
gṛ́dhrāṇi / gṛ́dhrā¹
Vocative गृध्र
gṛ́dhra
गृध्रे
gṛ́dhre
गृध्राणि / गृध्रा¹
gṛ́dhrāṇi / gṛ́dhrā¹
Accusative गृध्रम्
gṛ́dhram
गृध्रे
gṛ́dhre
गृध्राणि / गृध्रा¹
gṛ́dhrāṇi / gṛ́dhrā¹
Instrumental गृध्रेण
gṛ́dhreṇa
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्रैः / गृध्रेभिः¹
gṛ́dhraiḥ / gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹
Dative गृध्राय
gṛ́dhrāya
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्रेभ्यः
gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Ablative गृध्रात्
gṛ́dhrāt
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्रेभ्यः
gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Genitive गृध्रस्य
gṛ́dhrasya
गृध्रयोः
gṛ́dhrayoḥ
गृध्राणाम्
gṛ́dhrāṇām
Locative गृध्रे
gṛ́dhre
गृध्रयोः
gṛ́dhrayoḥ
गृध्रेषु
gṛ́dhreṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Descendants
  • Pali: giddha

Etymology 2

Nominal derivative of the adjective गृध्र (gṛdhra, greedy) above. Literally meaning "the greedy one".

Noun

गृध्र (gṛ́dhra) m

  1. a vulture
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.104.22:
      उलूकयातुं शुशुलूकयातुं जहि श्वयातुमुत कोकयातुम्।
      सुपर्णयातुमुत गृध्रयातुं दृषदेव प्र मृण रक्ष इन्द्र॥
      ulūkayātuṃ śuśulūkayātuṃ jahi śvayātumuta kokayātum.
      suparṇayātumuta gṛdhrayātuṃ dṛṣadeva pra mṛṇa rakṣa indra.
      Destroy the demon disguised as an owl or owlet, destroy him disguised as dog or cuckoo.
      Destroy him shaped as an eagle or as a vulture as with a stone, O Indra, crush the demon.
    • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative गृध्रः
gṛ́dhraḥ
गृध्रौ
gṛ́dhrau
गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹
gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹
Vocative गृध्र
gṛ́dhra
गृध्रौ
gṛ́dhrau
गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹
gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹
Accusative गृध्रम्
gṛ́dhram
गृध्रौ
gṛ́dhrau
गृध्रान्
gṛ́dhrān
Instrumental गृध्रेण
gṛ́dhreṇa
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्रैः / गृध्रेभिः¹
gṛ́dhraiḥ / gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹
Dative गृध्राय
gṛ́dhrāya
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्रेभ्यः
gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Ablative गृध्रात्
gṛ́dhrāt
गृध्राभ्याम्
gṛ́dhrābhyām
गृध्रेभ्यः
gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Genitive गृध्रस्य
gṛ́dhrasya
गृध्रयोः
gṛ́dhrayoḥ
गृध्राणाम्
gṛ́dhrāṇām
Locative गृध्रे
gṛ́dhre
गृध्रयोः
gṛ́dhrayoḥ
गृध्रेषु
gṛ́dhreṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Descendants

References

  1. Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003) The Dravidian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 474.

Further reading

  • Monier Williams (1899), गृध्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 361.
  • Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), गृध्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), gṛ́dhra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “GARDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 474
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