चष्मा
Marathi
Alternative forms
- चश्मा (caśmā)
Etymology
Ultimately from Persian چشم (češm, “eye”), from Middle Persian AYNE, čšm (čašm, “eye”), from Old Persian 𐎨𐏁𐎠𐎶𐎴 (c-š-ma-n), from Proto-Iranian *čášma, *čašman, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čáćšma (“sight”). Cognate with Assamese চছমা (sosoma), Bengali চশমা (cośoma), Gujarati ચશ્માં (caśmā̃), Hindi चश्मा (caśmā), Punjabi ਚਸ਼ਮਾ (caśmā).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ɕəʂ.ma/
Declension
| Declension of चष्मा (caṣmā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
चष्मा caṣmā | ||
| direct plural |
चष्मे caṣme | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | चष्मा caṣmā |
चष्मे caṣme | |
| oblique | चष्म्या- caṣmyā- |
चष्म्यां- caṣmyāN- | |
| dative | चष्म्याला caṣmyālā |
चष्म्यांना caṣmyāNnā | |
| ergative | चष्म्याने caṣmyāne |
चष्म्यांनी caṣmyāNni | |
| instrumental | चष्म्याशी caṣmyāśi |
चष्म्यांशी caṣmyāNśi | |
| locative | चष्म्यात caṣmyāt |
चष्म्यांत caṣmyāNt | |
| vocative | चष्म्या caṣmyā |
चष्म्यांनो caṣmyāNno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of चष्मा | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object | feminine object | neuter object | oblique | |||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular* | plural | |||
| singular subject | चष्म्याचा caṣmyāċā |
चष्म्याचे caṣmyāce |
चष्म्याची caṣmyāci |
चष्म्याच्या caṣmyāca |
चष्म्याचे, चष्म्याचं caṣmyāce, caṣmyāċa |
चष्म्याची caṣmyāci |
चष्म्याच्या caṣmyāca | |
| plural subject | चष्म्यांचा caṣmyāNċā |
चष्म्यांचे caṣmyāNce |
चष्म्यांची caṣmyāNci |
चष्म्यांच्या caṣmyāNca |
चष्म्यांचे, चष्म्यांचं caṣmyāNce, caṣmyāNċa |
चष्म्यांची caṣmyāNci |
चष्म्यांच्या caṣmyāNca | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine, “चष्मा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “चश्मा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Date, Yasavanta Ramakrshna (1932-1950), “चश्मा”, in Maharashtra Sabdakosa (in Marathi), Pune: Maharashtra Kosamandala.
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