जम्भ

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ámbʰas (“tooth, jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth”). Cognate with Pashto ژامه‎ (žā́ma, “jaw”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ́m.bʱɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɐm.bʱɐ/

जम्भ • (jámbha) m

1. tooth, eyetooth, tusk
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.7.10:

     सद्यो जातस्य ददृशानमोजो यदस्य वातो अनुवाति शोचिः।
     वृणक्ति तिग्मामतसेषु जिह्वां स्थिरा चिदन्ना दयते वि जम्भैः॥

     sadyo jātasya dadṛśānamojo yadasya vāto anuvāti śociḥ.
     vṛṇakti tigmāmataseṣu jihvāṃ sthirā cidannā dayate vi jambhaiḥ.

     Yet newly born, his vigour is apparent when the wind blows upon his fiery splendour,
     His sharpened tongue he layeth on the brushwood, and with his teeth even solid food consumeth.

2. (in the plural) set of teeth, mouth, jaws
3. swallowing
4. one who crushes or swallows (as a demon)
5. name of several demons (conquered by Vishnu, Krishna or Indra)
6. a leader of the demons in the war against the gods under Indra
7. Indra's thunderbolt

• Maharastri Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))
  • Old Marathi:
    • Marathi: जबडा (jabḍā)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਜਬਾੜਾ (jabāṛā)
• Sauraseni Prakrit:
  • Romani: ćham (“cheek”)
    • Angloromani: cham
    • Kalo Finnish Romani: tšam
• Sauraseni Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))
  • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    • Old Hindi:
      • Hindustani:

        Hindi: जबड़ा (jabṛā)

        Urdu: جَبْڑَا‎ (jabṛā)

• → Hindi: जंभ (jambh) (learned)

• Monier Williams (1899), “जम्भ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0412.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jámbha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press