ᛖᚲ

Proto-Norse
the inscription on the Hogganvik runestone

Alternative forms
  • ᛖᚴ (ek), ᛖᚴᛡ (ekᴀ), -ᛖᚳᚨ (-eka), -ᚴᛡ (-kᴀ)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Among the earliest attestations of the pronoun is the inscription on the 2nd-4th century Lindholm amulet, which also contains a postpositive, perhaps clitic, form of the word, ᚺᚨᛏᛖᚳᚨ (hateka, “I am called”).

Pronoun

ᛖᚲ (ek)

  1. I
    • c. 250–450, inscription on the Tune stone:
      ᛖᚲᚹᛁᚹᚨᛉᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱᚹᛟᛞᚢᚱᛁᛞᛖ / […]
      ekwiwaʀafterwoduride / […]
      I, Wiwaz, after Woduridaz / […]
    • c. 425, inscription on the Golden Horns of Gallehus:
      ᛖᚲᚺᛚᛖᚹᚨᚷᚨᛊᛏᛁᛉ᛬ᚺᛟᛚᛏᛁᛃᚨᛉ᛬ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ᛬ᛏᚨᚹᛁᛞᛟ᛬
      I, Hlewagastiz Holtijaz, made the horn
    • c. 250-450, inscription on the Hogganvik runestone:
      ᛖᚲᚾᚨᚢᛞᛁᚷᚨᛋᛏᛁᛉ / […]
      eknaudigastiʀ / […]
      I, Naudigastiz, / […] [1]

Descendants
  • Old Norse: ek, iak; ec; -k
    • Icelandic: ek, eg, ég
    • Faroese: eg, jeg
    • Norn: eg
    • Norwegian: ej, é, eig, í, æg, æj, æ, je, jæj (dialectal)
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: eg
    • Jamtish: jeg
    • Dalian: ik, ig
      • Elfdalian: ig
    • Old Swedish: iak, iæk, iagh
    • Old Danish: iak, iæk, iægh, æk, ak
    • Jutish: æ
    • Old Gutnish: iek

References
  1. James E. Knirk, Runic inscription from Hogganvik, Mandal, Vest-Agder (2009) (preliminary report), 27 October 2009
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