ṭuppum

Akkadian

𒁾𒁍𒌝

Etymology

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet, document”).

Pronunciation

(Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /ˈtˤup.pum/

Noun

ṭuppum m or f (construct state ṭuppi, pronominal state ṭuppa, plural ṭuppū m or ṭuppātum f) (from Old Akkadian on)

tablet, document, letter
Synonym: 𒂊𒄈𒌓 (egertu)

𒁾𒁀𒄠 𒊭𒁕𒊒𒌝 ― ṭup-pá-am ša-ṭa-ru-um /ṭuppam šaṭārum/ ― to write a document

𒁾𒁀𒄠 𒀀𒈠𒊒𒌝 ― ṭup-pá-am a-ma-ru-um /ṭuppam amārum/ ― to read a tablet

𒁕𒀀𒀀𒉡𒌝 𒌅𒉺𒄠 𒄿𒍣𒅁
da-a-a-nu-um ṭu₂-pa-am i-zi-ib
/dayyānum ṭuppam īzib/
The judge made out a tablet.

Alternative forms

ṭuppu (non-mimated)

Cuneiform spellings
Logograms	Phonetic
𒁾 (DUB) 𒅎 (IM) 𒅎𒁾 (IM.DUB) 𒁾𒁉 (DUB.BI) (Old/Middle Assyrian)	𒁾𒁍𒌝 (ṭup-pu-um)

Derived terms

bīt ṭuppim (“school”)
qan ṭupim (“stylus”)

Descendants

→ Classical Syriac: ܛܒܥܐ‎ (tˤavʿā)
→ Hebrew: דַּף‎ (dap̄)
→ Elamite:
- → Old Persian: 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (dipi-, “inscription; document”)
  - Middle Persian: dywʾn' (dīwān), 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭‎ (dpywʾn', “dēwān”), 𐭣𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭‎ (dywʾn', “dēwān”); 𐫅𐫏𐫇𐫀𐫗‎ (dywʾn)
    - Persian: دیوان‎ (divân, dêvân)
      - → Arabic: ديوان‎ (dīwān)
        Andalusian Arabic: ديوان‎ (dīwān), *دوان‎ (*duwān)
        → Catalan: duana
        → Portuguese: aduana
        → Spanish: aduana
        → Basque: aduana
        → Hiligaynon: aduana
        → Tagalog: adwana
        → Waray-Waray: adwana
        → Medieval Latin: doana, dogana, dovana
        → Albanian: doganë
        → Italian: dogana
        → Old French: dohanne
        Middle French: doana
        French: douane
        → Dutch: douane
        Afrikaans: doeane
        → Indonesian: duane
        → Papiamentu: doeana
        → English: douane
        Norman: douanne
      - → Georgian: დივანი (divani), მდივანი (mdivani)
      - → Hindi: दीवान (dīvān)
        → English: dewan
        → Telugu: దివాను (divānu), దివాన్‌ (divān‌)
      - → Malay: dewan
        Indonesian: dewan
      - → Ottoman Turkish: دیوان‎ (dîvân)
        Turkish: divan
        → Azerbaijani: divan
        → Czech: divan
        → French: divan
        → English: divan
        → German: Diwan
        → Portuguese: divã
        → Greek: διβάνι (diváni), ντιβάνι (diváni)
        → Hungarian: díván
        → Italian: divano, diwan
        → Middle Armenian: տիւան (tiwan)
        Armenian: դիվան (divan)
        → Polish: dywan
        → Romanian: divan
        → Russian: дива́н (diván)
        → Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: дѝва̄н
        Latin script: dìvān
        → Bulgarian: дива̀н (divàn)
        → Spanish: diván
      - → Urdu: دیوان‎ (dīvān)
      - → Zazaki: diwan
    - → Old Armenian: դիւան (diwan)
      - Armenian: դիվան (divan)
    - → Old Georgian: დივანი (divani)
      - Georgian: დივანი (divani)
  - Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭥‎ (dibīr)
    - Persian: دبیر‎ (dabir, debir)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: دبیر‎ (debîr)
    - → Niya Prakrit: 𐨡𐨁𐨬𐨁𐨪‎ (divira)
    - → Old Armenian: դպիր (dpir) (from some Middle Iranian language, possibly Middle Persian)
      - → Armenian: դպիր (dpir)
  - Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭯‎ (dp)
    - Persian: دف‎ (daf) (see there for further descendants)
  - Middle Persian:
    - Persian: دب‎ (dab)
      - → Arabic: أَدَب‎ (ʔadab, “etiquette, education, being well-read, literature”) (see there for further descendants)
  - → Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨡𐨁𐨤𐨁‎ (dipi) (Shahbazgarhi, Mansehra)
    - Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀺 (lipi, Girnar, Dhauli, Jaugada)
      - → Sanskrit: लिपि (lipi)
        →Tatsama:
        Assamese: লিপি (lipi)
        Bengali: লিপি (lipi)
        Gujarati: લિપિ (lipi)
        Hindi: लिपि (lipi)
        Malayalam: ലിപി (lipi)
        Marathi: लिपी (lipī)
        Punjabi: ਲਿਪੀ (lipī)

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