ἀνά

See also: ΑΝΑ, ανά, ανα-, ἀνα-, and Appendix:Variations of "ana"

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Beekes' derivation from *h₂en- doesn't explain the second syllable.[1] LIPP reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *áno (“up, over, along”).[2] For /o/ > /a/ a vowel harmony is posited, cf. παρά (pará), κατά (katá), ἄντα (ánta), μάλα (mála), σάφα (sápha), θαμά (thamá). For the stress shift, an analogy with other prepositions. Cognates include Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬀‎ (ana), Latin an- (“up”) in an-hēlō (“to gasp”), an-testor (“to call up as a witness”)[3], and English on.

Pronunciation
 

Preposition

ᾰ̓νᾰ́ • (aná) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

  1. (+ genitive) (rare) on board
  2. (+ dative) (of location) on, upon
  3. (+ accusative)
    1. up, upwards, along
    2. in sequence, each, throughout
    3. up to
    4. (of amounts) at a rate, speed, or price of, for
    5. (of time) translatable with an adverbial noun phrase
      ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ― anà pâsan hēméran ― every day
      ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος ― anà pân étos ― every year

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Greek: ανά (aná)

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “Ἀνά”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. Dunkel, George E. (2014), “Lexikon [Lexicon]”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 50-1
  3. Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938), “1. an-”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, 3rd edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 43

Further reading
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