ἀρσενικόν

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms
  • ἀρσενίκιον n (arseníkion), ἀρρενική f (arrhenikḗ)

Etymology

Of Semitic origin (compare Classical Syriac ܙܪܢܝܟܐ‎ (zarnīḵā, “orpiment”)) under the strong influence of ἀρσενικός (arsenikós, “male, virile”), from Middle Persian *zarnīk, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow”). See arsenic for more cognates.

Pronunciation
 

Noun

ἀρσενῐκόν • (arsenikón) f (genitive ἀρσενῐκοῦ); first declension

  1. (mineralogy) orpiment, yellow sulfide of arsenic
  2. arsenic (chemical element 33) (later meaning, not attested up to the 5th c. CE)

Usage notes

Only the meaning "orpiment, arsenic sulfide" is attested in classical sources; the later shift to "arsenic metal" is found in the period of late Koine Greek to early Byzantine Greek, when σανδαράχη (sandaráchi, “realgar (initially)”) begins referring to both realgar and orpiment (red and yellow arsenic sulfides).

Inflection
Second declension of τὸ ἀρσενῐκόν; τοῦ ἀρσενῐκοῦ (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative τὸ ἀρσενῐκόν
tò arsenikón		 τὼ ἀρσενῐκώ
tṑ arsenikṓ		 τᾰ̀ ἀρσενῐκᾰ́
tà arseniká
Genitive τοῦ ἀρσενῐκοῦ
toû arsenikoû		 τοῖν ἀρσενῐκοῖν
toîn arsenikoîn		 τῶν ἀρσενῐκῶν
tôn arsenikôn
Dative τῷ ἀρσενῐκῷ
tôi arsenikôi		 τοῖν ἀρσενῐκοῖν
toîn arsenikoîn		 τοῖς ἀρσενῐκοῖς
toîs arsenikoîs
Accusative τὸ ἀρσενῐκόν
tò arsenikón		 τὼ ἀρσενῐκώ
tṑ arsenikṓ		 τᾰ̀ ἀρσενῐκᾰ́
tà arseniká
Vocative ἀρσενῐκόν
arsenikón		 ἀρσενῐκώ
arsenikṓ		 ἀρσενῐκᾰ́
arseniká
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

Further reading
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