ἕλκος

See also: έλκος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“wound, illness, ulcer”), from the root *h₁elḱ-. Cognate with Latin ulcus (“ulcer”) and Sanskrit अर्शस् (árśas, “hemorrhoids”)). The non-etymological spiritus asper is usually explained by the folk-etymological influence of ἕλκω (hélkō, “to drag”).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation
 

Noun

ἕλκος • (hélkos) n (genitive ἕλκεος or ἕλκους); third declension

  1. An open wound, an injury
  2. A cut in a tree

Inflection
Third declension of τὸ ἕλκος; τοῦ ἕλκους (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative τὸ ἕλκος
tò hélkos		 τὼ ἕλκει
tṑ hélkei		 τᾰ̀ ἕλκη
tà hélkē
Genitive τοῦ ἕλκους
toû hélkous		 τοῖν ἑλκοῖν
toîn helkoîn		 τῶν ἑλκῶν
tôn helkôn
Dative τῷ ἕλκει
tôi hélkei		 τοῖν ἑλκοῖν
toîn helkoîn		 τοῖς ἕλκεσῐ / ἕλκεσῐν
toîs hélkesi(n)
Accusative τὸ ἕλκος
tò hélkos		 τὼ ἕλκει
tṑ hélkei		 τᾰ̀ ἕλκη
tà hélkē
Vocative ἕλκος
hélkos		 ἕλκει
hélkei		 ἕλκη
hélkē
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms
  • ἀνελκής (anelkḗs, “free from ulceration”)
  • ἀνελκόομαι (anelkóomai, “suppurate afresh”)
  • ἀφελκόω (aphelkóō, “make an incision, tap”)
  • δυσελκής (duselkḗs, “unfavourable for healing”)
  • ἑλκαίνω (helkaínō, “fester”)
  • ἑλκήεις (helkḗeis, “full of ulcers”)
  • ἑλκόομαι (helkóomai)
  • ἑλκοποιέω (helkopoiéō, “make wounds”)
  • ἑλκοποιός (helkopoiós, “wounding”)
  • ἑλκόω (helkóō, “wound, lacerate”)
  • ἑλκύδριον n (helkúdrion, “slight sore”)
  • ἑλκώδης (helkṓdēs, “like a wound”)
  • ἕλκωμα n (hélkōma, “sore, ulcer”)
  • ἑλκωματικός (helkōmatikós, “causing sores”)
  • ἕλκωσις f (hélkōsis, “ulceration”)
  • ἑλκωτικός (helkōtikós, “causing sores”)
  • ἐξελκόω (exelkóō, “cause sores in”)
  • ἐξέλκωσις f (exélkōsis, “-causing of sores in”)
  • ἐφελκόομαι (ephelkóomai, “break out into sores”)
  • ἐφέλκωσις f (ephélkōsis, “ulceration”)
  • καθελκόομαι (kathelkóomai, “break out into sores”)
  • κακελκής (kakelkḗs, “having an ulcer”)
  • κακοελκής (kakoelkḗs, “badly festering”)
  • πολυελκής (poluelkḗs, “with many sores”)
  • προελκόομαι (proelkóomai, “be ulcerated before”)
  • προεξελκόω (proexelkóō, “exulcerate before”)

Unrelated to the derived words from ἕλκω (hélkō, “I drag”).

Descendants
  • → Greek: έλκος (élkos) (learned)

References
  1. Solmsen, Felix (1894) Studien zur lateinischen Lautgeschichte (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, page 18, footnote 1
  2. Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980), “ἕλκος”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, page 339b
  3. Frisk, Hjalmar (1960), “ἕλκος”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 496–497
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 412

Further reading
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