ἕψω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἑψᾰ́ω (hepsáō), ἑψέω (hepséō)
Etymology
The verb is clearly related to Old Armenian եփեմ (epʿem, “to boil, cook”). However, as Armenian փ- (pʿ-) can hardly represent *ps-, it has been suggested an Indo-European pre-form *sepʰ-, which would have had an s-enlargement in Greek. However, Indo-European did not possess a phoneme pʰ-: this leads to a substrate origin, probably Pre-Greek according to Beekes. For this, compare δέφω (déphō, “to soften, knead”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hép.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)ep.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈep.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈep.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈep.so/
Conjugation
Present: ἕψω, ἕψομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἕψω | ἕψεις | ἕψει | ἕψετον | ἕψετον | ἕψομεν | ἕψετε | ἕψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἕψω | ἕψῃς | ἕψῃ | ἕψητον | ἕψητον | ἕψωμεν | ἕψητε | ἕψωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἕψοιμῐ | ἕψοις | ἕψοι | ἕψοιτον | ἑψοίτην | ἕψοιμεν | ἕψοιτε | ἕψοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἕψε | ἑψέτω | ἕψετον | ἑψέτων | ἕψετε | ἑψόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἕψομαι | ἕψῃ, ἕψει |
ἕψεται | ἕψεσθον | ἕψεσθον | ἑψόμεθᾰ | ἕψεσθε | ἕψονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἕψωμαι | ἕψῃ | ἕψηται | ἕψησθον | ἕψησθον | ἑψώμεθᾰ | ἕψησθε | ἕψωνται | |||||
| optative | ἑψοίμην | ἕψοιο | ἕψοιτο | ἕψοισθον | ἑψοίσθην | ἑψοίμεθᾰ | ἕψοισθε | ἕψοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἕψου | ἑψέσθω | ἕψεσθον | ἑψέσθων | ἕψεσθε | ἑψέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἕψειν | ἕψεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἕψων | ἑψόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ἕψουσᾰ | ἑψομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἕψον | ἑψόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἧψον, ἡψόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἧψον | ἧψες | ἧψε(ν) | ἥψετον | ἡψέτην | ἥψομεν | ἥψετε | ἧψον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἡψόμην | ἥψου | ἥψετο | ἥψεσθον | ἡψέσθην | ἡψόμεθᾰ | ἥψεσθε | ἥψοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: ἑψήσω, ἑψήσομαι, ἑψεθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἑψήσω | ἑψήσεις | ἑψήσει | ἑψήσετον | ἑψήσετον | ἑψήσομεν | ἑψήσετε | ἑψήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ἑψήσοιμῐ | ἑψήσοις | ἑψήσοι | ἑψήσοιτον | ἑψησοίτην | ἑψήσοιμεν | ἑψήσοιτε | ἑψήσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ἑψήσομαι | ἑψήσῃ, ἑψήσει |
ἑψήσεται | ἑψήσεσθον | ἑψήσεσθον | ἑψησόμεθᾰ | ἑψήσεσθε | ἑψήσονται | ||||
| optative | ἑψησοίμην | ἑψήσοιο | ἑψήσοιτο | ἑψήσοισθον | ἑψησοίσθην | ἑψησοίμεθᾰ | ἑψήσοισθε | ἑψήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ἑψεθήσομαι | ἑψεθήσῃ | ἑψεθήσεται | ἑψεθήσεσθον | ἑψεθήσεσθον | ἑψεθησόμεθᾰ | ἑψεθήσεσθε | ἑψεθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ἑψεθησοίμην | ἑψεθήσοιο | ἑψεθήσοιτο | ἑψεθήσοισθον | ἑψεθησοίσθην | ἑψεθησοίμεθᾰ | ἑψεθήσοισθε | ἑψεθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἑψήσειν | ἑψήσεσθαι | ἑψεθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἑψήσων | ἑψησόμενος | ἑψεθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | ἑψήσουσᾰ | ἑψησομένη | ἑψεθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | ἑψῆσον | ἑψησόμενον | ἑψεθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἥψησᾰ, ἡψησᾰ́μην, ἡψέθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἥψησᾰ | ἥψησᾰς | ἥψησε(ν) | ἡψήσᾰτον | ἡψησᾰ́την | ἡψήσᾰμεν | ἡψήσᾰτε | ἥψησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ψήσω | ψήσῃς | ψήσῃ | ψήσητον | ψήσητον | ψήσωμεν | ψήσητε | ψήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ψήσαιμῐ | ψήσειᾰς, ψήσαις |
ψήσειε(ν), ψήσαι |
ψήσαιτον | ψησαίτην | ψήσαιμεν | ψήσαιτε | ψήσειᾰν, ψήσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ψῆσον | ψησᾰ́τω | ψήσᾰτον | ψησᾰ́των | ψήσᾰτε | ψησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἡψησᾰ́μην | ἡψήσω | ἡψήσᾰτο | ἡψήσᾰσθον | ἡψησᾰ́σθην | ἡψησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἡψήσᾰσθε | ἡψήσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ψήσωμαι | ψήσῃ | ψήσηται | ψήσησθον | ψήσησθον | ψησώμεθᾰ | ψήσησθε | ψήσωνται | |||||
| optative | ψησαίμην | ψήσαιο | ψήσαιτο | ψήσαισθον | ψησαίσθην | ψησαίμεθᾰ | ψήσαισθε | ψήσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ψῆσαι | ψησᾰ́σθω | ψήσᾰσθον | ψησᾰ́σθων | ψήσᾰσθε | ψησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἡψέθην | ἡψέθης | ἡψέθη | ἡψέθητον | ἡψεθήτην | ἡψέθημεν | ἡψέθητε | ἡψέθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ψεθῶ | ψεθῇς | ψεθῇ | ψεθῆτον | ψεθῆτον | ψεθῶμεν | ψεθῆτε | ψεθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ψεθείην | ψεθείης | ψεθείη | ψεθεῖτον, ψεθείητον |
ψεθείτην, ψεθειήτην |
ψεθεῖμεν, ψεθείημεν |
ψεθεῖτε, ψεθείητε |
ψεθεῖεν, ψεθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ψέθητῐ | ψεθήτω | ψέθητον | ψεθήτων | ψέθητε | ψεθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ψῆσαι | ψήσᾰσθαι | ψεθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ψήσᾱς | ψησᾰ́μενος | ψεθείς | |||||||||
| f | ψήσᾱσᾰ | ψησᾰμένη | ψεθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ψῆσᾰν | ψησᾰ́μενον | ψεθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: ἥψηκᾰ, ἥψημαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἥψηκᾰ | ἥψηκᾰς | ἥψηκε(ν) | ἡψήκᾰτον | ἡψήκᾰτον | ἡψήκᾰμεν | ἡψήκᾰτε | ἡψήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἡψήκω | ἡψήκῃς | ἡψήκῃ | ἡψήκητον | ἡψήκητον | ἡψήκωμεν | ἡψήκητε | ἡψήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἡψήκοιμῐ, ἡψηκοίην |
ἡψήκοις, ἡψηκοίης |
ἡψήκοι, ἡψηκοίη |
ἡψήκοιτον | ἡψηκοίτην | ἡψήκοιμεν | ἡψήκοιτε | ἡψήκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἥψηκε | ἡψηκέτω | ἡψήκετον | ἡψηκέτων | ἡψήκετε | ἡψηκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἥψημαι | ἥψησαι | ἥψηται | ἥψησθον | ἥψησθον | ἡψήμεθᾰ | ἥψησθε | ἥψηνται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἡψημένος ὦ | ἡψημένος ᾖς | ἡψημένος ᾖ | ἡψημένω ἦτον | ἡψημένω ἦτον | ἡψημένοι ὦμεν | ἡψημένοι ἦτε | ἡψημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἡψημένος εἴην | ἡψημένος εἴης | ἡψημένος εἴη | ἡψημένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἡψημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἡψημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἡψημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἡψημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ἥψησο | ἡψήσθω | ἥψησθον | ἡψήσθων | ἥψησθε | ἡψήσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἡψηκέναι | ἡψῆσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἡψηκώς | ἡψημένος | ||||||||||
| f | ἡψηκυῖᾰ | ἡψημένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἡψηκός | ἡψημένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀφέψω (aphépsō)
- ἑφθός (hephthós)
- ἑψᾰλέος (hepsaléos)
- ἑψᾰ́νδρᾰ (hepsándra)
- ἑψᾰνός (hepsanós)
- ἕψημᾰ (hépsēma)
- ἕψησῐς (hépsēsis)
- ἑψητήρ (hepsētḗr)
- ἑψητής (hepsētḗs)
- ἑψητῐκός (hepsētikós)
- ἑψητός (hepsētós)
- σῠνέψω (sunépsō)
- φᾰκεψός (phakepsós)
Further reading
- “ἕψω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἕψω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἕψω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἔψω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 492
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