ὄνυξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ-.

Cognates include Latin unguis, Old Irish inga, Sanskrit नख (nakhá, “claw, nail”), Old Armenian եղունգն (ełungn), Persian ناخن‎ (nâxon), Old Church Slavonic ногъть (nogŭtĭ), Lithuanian nagas, Albanian nyell, and Old English næġl (English nail).

Pronunciation
 

Noun

ὄνῠξ • (ónux) m (genitive ὄνῠχος); third declension

  1. claw, nail, hoof, talon
  2. Anything which resembles a claw or nail
    1. scraping tool
    2. onyx (gem)
    3. a kind of aromatic substance

Declension
Third declension of ὁ ὄνῠξ; τοῦ ὄνῠχος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ ὄνῠξ
ho ónux		 τὼ ὄνῠχε
tṑ ónukhe		 οἱ ὄνῠχες
hoi ónukhes
Genitive τοῦ ὄνῠχος
toû ónukhos		 τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν
toîn onúkhoin		 τῶν ὀνῠ́χων
tôn onúkhōn
Dative τῷ ὄνῠχῐ
tôi ónukhi		 τοῖν ὀνῠ́χοιν
toîn onúkhoin		 τοῖς ὄνῠξῐ / ὄνῠξῐν
toîs ónuxi(n)
Accusative τὸν ὄνῠχᾰ
tòn ónukha		 τὼ ὄνῠχε
tṑ ónukhe		 τοὺς ὄνῠχᾰς
toùs ónukhas
Vocative ὄνῠξ
ónux		 ὄνῠχε
ónukhe		 ὄνῠχες
ónukhes
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Third declension of ὄνῠξ; ὄνῠχος (Epic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὄνῠξ
ónux		 ὄνῠχε
ónukhe		 ὄνῠχες
ónukhes
Genitive ὄνῠχος
ónukhos		 ὀνῠ́χοιῐν
onúkhoiin		 ὀνῠ́χων
onúkhōn
Dative ὄνῠχῐ
ónukhi		 ὀνῠ́χοιῐν
onúkhoiin		 ὄνῠξῐ / ὄνῠξῐν / ὀνῠ́χεσσῐ / ὀνῠ́χεσσῐν / ὀνῠ́χεσῐ / ὀνῠ́χεσῐν
ónuxi(n) / onúkhessi(n) / onúkhesi(n)
Accusative ὄνῠχᾰ
ónukha		 ὄνῠχε
ónukhe		 ὄνῠχᾰς
ónukhas
Vocative ὄνῠξ
ónux		 ὄνῠχε
ónukhe		 ὄνῠχες
ónukhes
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Byzantine Greek: νύχιν (núkhin) (from diminutive ὀνύχιον)
  • → Latin: onyx
  • → Russian: о́никс (óniks)

See also

References
  • “ὄνυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ὄνυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ὄνυξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ὄνυξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ὄνυξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • “ὄνυξ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
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