かしこい

Japanese
Alternative spellings
賢い
畏い
恐い

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) かしこ​い [kàshíkóꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠ɕiko̞i]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "賢い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 賢く かしこ​く [kàshíkóꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 賢い かしこ​い [kàshíkóꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 賢い かしこ​い [kàshíkóꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 賢くない かしこ​くない [kàshíkóꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 賢かった かしこ​かった [kàshíkóꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 賢くなかった かしこ​くなかった [kàshíkóꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 賢いです かしこ​いです [kàshíkóꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 賢くて かしこ​くて [kàshíkóꜜkùtè]
Conditional 賢ければ かしこ​ければ [kàshíkóꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

かしこい • (kashikoi) -i (adverbial かしこく (kashikoku))

  1. bright, clever

Inflection
Inflection of かしこい
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) かしこかろ kashikokaro
Continuative (連用形) かしこく kashikoku
Terminal (終止形) かしこい kashikoi
Attributive (連体形) かしこい kashikoi
Hypothetical (仮定形) かしこけれ kashikokere
Imperative (命令形) かしこかれ kashikokare
Key constructions
Informal negative かしこくない kashikoku nai
Informal past かしこかった kashikokatta
Informal negative past かしこくなかった kashikoku nakatta
Formal かしこいです kashikoi desu
Formal negative かしこくないです kashikoku nai desu
Formal past かしこかったです kashikokatta desu
Formal negative past かしこくなかったです kashikoku nakatta desu
Conjunctive かしこくて kashikokute
Conditional かしこければ kashikokereba
Provisional かしこかったら kashikokattara
Volitional かしこかろう kashikokarō
Adverbial かしこく kashikoku
Degree かしこさ kashikosa

References
  1. “畏・恐・賢”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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