ちびる
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 禿びる |
/tubu/ → /t͡subu/ → /t͡ɕibu/ → (grammatical shift) /t͡ɕibiru/
Shift from earlier form 禿ぶ (tsubu, “to become round and small, such as from wear; to become bald”). Cognate with 粒 (tsubu, “grain; small thing”), 円ら (tsubura, “round and plump; small and round”).[1]
Pronunciation
Conjugation
Conjugation of "ちびる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ちび | chibi | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ちび | chibi | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ちびる | chibiru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ちびる | chibiru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ちびれ | chibire | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ちびよ¹ ちびろ² |
chibiyo¹ chibiro² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | ちびられる | chibirareru | ||
| Causative | ちびさせる ちびさす |
chibisaseru chibisasu | ||
| Potential | ちびられる ちびれる³ |
chibirareru chibireru³ | ||
| Volitional | ちびよう | chibiyō | ||
| Negative | ちびない ちびぬ ちびん |
chibinai chibinu chibin | ||
| Negative continuative | ちびず | chibizu | ||
| Formal | ちびます | chibimasu | ||
| Perfective | ちびた | chibita | ||
| Conjunctive | ちびて | chibite | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | ちびれば | chibireba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Possibly derived from the underlying sense of little bit, small amount of noun 粒 (tsubu, root of homophonous verb 禿びる (“to wear down”)), or a shift in sense from that verb.
First attested in a work from 1772.[4]
Verb
ちびる • (chibiru) godan (stem ちびり (chibiri), past ちびった (chibitta))
- [from before 1772] (informal) to stint, to pay out or use something in a stingy fashion
- Synonyms: 出し惜しむ (dashioshimu), けちけちする (kechikechi suru)
- [from 1772] (informal) to leak something out a little bit at a time; (by extension) to urinate or defecate a small amount
- [from early 1890s] (informal) to drink a little bit at a time, to sip slowly, to nurse one's drink
Conjugation
Conjugation of "ちびる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ちびら | chibira | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ちびり | chibiri | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ちびる | chibiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ちびる | chibiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ちびれ | chibire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ちびれ | chibire | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | ちびられる | chibirareru | |
| Causative | ちびらせる ちびらす |
chibiraseru chibirasu | |
| Potential | ちびれる | chibireru | |
| Volitional | ちびろう | chibirō | |
| Negative | ちびらない | chibiranai | |
| Negative continuative | ちびらず | chibirazu | |
| Formal | ちびります | chibirimasu | |
| Perfective | ちびった | chibitta | |
| Conjunctive | ちびって | chibitte | |
| Hypothetical conditional | ちびれば | chibireba | |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- “ちびる”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
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