とし
See also: とじ
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 年 歳 |
/to2si/ → /tosi/ → /toɕi/
From Old Japanese. Originally referred to grain, particularly rice, and by extension, the year's harvest.[1]
Noun
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of とし – see the following entries. | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| (This term, とし, is an alternative spelling of the above Sino-Japanese terms.) |
Adjective
とし • (toshi) †-ku
Inflection
Classical conjugation of "とし" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | とく[1] とから[2] | toku tokara | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | とく[1] とかり[2] | toku tokari | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | とし | tosi | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | とき とかる | toki tokaru | ||
| Realis (已然形) | とけれ | tokere | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | とかれ | tokare | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | とからず | tokarazu | ||
| Contrasting conjunction | とけれど | tokeredo | ||
| Causal conjunction | とければ | tokereba | ||
| Conditional conjunction | とくば | tokuba | ||
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | とかりき | tokariki | ||
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | とかりけり | tokarikeri | ||
| Adverbial | とく | toku | ||
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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