ひかえる

Japanese
Alternative spellings
控える
扣える

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "控える"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 控える ひかえ​る [hìkáéꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 控えろ ひかえ​ろ [hìkáéꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 控えられる ひかえられ​る [hìkáéráréꜜrù]
Causative 控えさせる ひかえさせ​る [hìkáésáséꜜrù]
Potential 控えられる ひかえられ​る [hìkáéráréꜜrù]
Volitional 控えよう ひかえよ​ー [hìkáéyóꜜò]
Negative 控えない ひかえ​ない [hìkáéꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 控えなかった ひかえ​なかった [hìkáéꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 控えます ひかえま​す [hìkáémáꜜsù]
Perfective 控えた ひか​えた [hìkáꜜètà]
Conjunctive 控えて ひか​えて [hìkáꜜètè]
Hypothetical conditional 控えれば ひかえ​れば [hìkáéꜜrèbà]

Verb

ひかえる • (hikaeru) ←ひかへる (fikaferu)?ichidan (stem ひかえ (hikae), past ひかえた (hikaeta))

  1. wait nearby
  2. be nearby, be at hand
  3. deal with, face, contend with
  4. refrain, restrain oneself
    手(て)拍(びょう)子(し)は控(ひか)えてください
    tebyōshi wa hikaete kudasai
    please do not clap to the beat
  5. cut back
  6. jot down

Conjugation
Conjugation of "ひかえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") ひかえ hikae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") ひかえ hikae
Shūshikei ("terminal") ひかえる hikaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") ひかえる hikaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") ひかえれ hikaere
Meireikei ("imperative") ひかえよ¹
ひかえろ²		 hikaeyo¹
hikaero²
Key constructions
Passive ひかえられる hikaerareru
Causative ひかえさせる
ひかえさす		 hikaesaseru
hikaesasu
Potential ひかえられる
ひかえれる³		 hikaerareru
hikaereru³
Volitional ひかえよう hikaeyō
Negative ひかえない
ひかえぬ
ひかえん		 hikaenai
hikaenu
hikaen
Negative continuative ひかえず hikaezu
Formal ひかえます hikaemasu
Perfective ひかえた hikaeta
Conjunctive ひかえて hikaete
Hypothetical conditional ひかえれば hikaereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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