ペケ

Japanese

Etymology

Derivation unclear.[1][2]

Possible sources include Malay pergi (“to go, go away”, perhaps via regional Pontianak variant pegi) or Mandarin 不可 (bùkě, “cannot; should not, must not”).[3][4]

First attested in 1860.[1]

Compare Tagalog peke (“fake”), English fake.

Pronunciation

Adjective

ペケ • (peke) -na (adnominal ペケな (peke na), adverbial ペケに (peke ni))

  1. [from 1860] incorrect, wrong, unacceptable
    Synonyms: 駄目 (dame), いけない (ikenai), いや (iya)

Inflection
Inflection of ペケ
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) ペケだろ peke daro
Continuative (連用形) ペケで peke de
Terminal (終止形) ペケだ peke da
Attributive (連体形) ペケな peke na
Hypothetical (仮定形) ペケなら peke nara
Imperative (命令形) ペケであれ peke de are
Key constructions
Informal negative ペケではない
ペケじゃない		 peke de wa nai
peke ja nai
Informal past ペケだった peke datta
Informal negative past ペケではなかった
ペケじゃなかった		 peke de wa nakatta
peke ja nakatta
Formal ペケです peke desu
Formal negative ペケではありません
ペケじゃありません		 peke de wa arimasen
peke ja arimasen
Formal past ペケでした peke deshita
Formal negative past ペケではありませんでした
ペケじゃありませんでした		 peke de wa arimasen deshita
peke ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive ペケで peke de
Conditional ペケなら（ば） peke nara (ba)
Provisional ペケだったら peke dattara
Volitional ペケだろう peke darō
Adverbial ペケに peke ni
Degree ペケさ pekesa

Noun

ペケ • (peke) 

  1. [from 1860] something incorrect or wrong
  2. (chiefly Kansai) mark for incorrectness, ×

References
  1. “ペケ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. “ペケ”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Further reading
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