凜

See also: 凛

凜	U+51DC, 凜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51DC

← 凛
[U+51DB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

凝 →
[U+51DD]

凜	U+F954, 凜 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F954

← 肋
[U+F953]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

凌 →
[U+F955]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

凜 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 戈一卜田木 (IMYWD), four-corner 3019₁, composition ⿰冫稟)

shiver with cold or fear
fearful

References

KangXi: not present, would follow page 133, character 44
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1717
Dae Jaweon: page 298, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 301, character 13
Unihan data for U+51DC
Unihan data for U+F954

Chinese

trad.		凜
simp.		凛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (禀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
燷	*b·ruːm
壈	*b·ruːmʔ
燣	*b·ruːmʔ
顲	b·ruːmʔ, b·ruːms, *b·rumʔ
稟	*prɯmʔ
廩	*b·rɯmʔ
懍	*b·rɯmʔ
凜	b·rɯmʔ, ɡrɯm
癛	*b·rɯmʔ
檁	*b·rɯmʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǐn (lin³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁵
Min Nan (POJ): lím

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǐn
  - Wade–Giles: lin³
  - Yale: lǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liin
  - Palladius: линь (linʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lam⁵
  - Yale: láhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: lem⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐm¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
  - Tâi-lô: lím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liem
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiɪm/, /liɪm^X/

Rime
Character	凜	凜
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	巨金切	力稔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪm/	/liɪm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚim/	/lim^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiem/	/ljem^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjim/	/lim^X/
Li Rong	/ɡjəm/	/liəm^X/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕm/	/lĭĕm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯əm/	/li̯əm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín	lǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kam⁴	lam⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][ə]mʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯmʔ/, /*ɡrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ lim^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[r][ə]mʔ/
English	cold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凜	凜
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	909	913
Phonetic component	禀	禀
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	廩	琴
Old Chinese	/*b·rɯmʔ/	/*ɡrɯm/

Definitions

凜

freezing cold
凜冽／凛冽 ― lǐnliè ― freezing cold
solemn
凜然／凛然 ― lǐnrán ― stern; awe-inspiring
(literary) fearful (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Compounds

凜冽／凛冽 (lǐnliè)
凜凜／凛凛 (lǐnlǐn)
凜凜冽冽／凛凛冽冽
凜慄／凛栗

凜然／凛然 (lǐnrán)
凜然難犯／凛然难犯
凜遵／凛遵 (lǐn zūn)
大義凜然／大义凛然 (dàyìlǐnrán)

威風凜凜／威风凛凛 (wēifēnglǐnlǐn)
道貌凜然／道貌凛然
黑凜凜／黑凛凛

Japanese

Kanji

凜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Go-on: りん (rin)^{←りむ (rimu, historical)}
Kan-on: りん (rin)^{←りむ (rimu, historical)}
Kun: きびしい (kibishī, 凜い)

Proper noun

凜(りん) • (Rin)

a female given name

Korean

Hanja

凜 (eum 름 (reum))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

凜: Hán Nôm readings: lẫm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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