力む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
力
りき
Grade: 1
goon
Alternative spellings
勉む
努む

Etymology

From 力 (riki, “power, strength”) +‎ む (-mu, verb forming suffix).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) りき​む [rìkíꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [2])[3]
  • IPA(key): [ɾʲikʲimɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

力(りき)む • (rikimu) transitive godan (stem 力(りき)み (rikimi), past 力(りき)んだ (rikinda))

  1. strain oneself, make strenuous efforts
  2. put up a strong front, make a strong showing

Conjugation
Conjugation of "力む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 力ま りきま rikima
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 力み りきみ rikimi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 力む りきむ rikimu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 力む りきむ rikimu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 力め りきめ rikime
Meireikei ("imperative") 力め りきめ rikime
Key constructions
Passive 力まれる りきまれる rikimareru
Causative 力ませる
力ます		 りきませる
りきます		 rikimaseru
rikimasu
Potential 力める りきめる rikimeru
Volitional 力もう りきもう rikimō
Negative 力まない りきまない rikimanai
Negative continuative 力まず りきまず rikimazu
Formal 力みます りきみます rikimimasu
Perfective 力んだ りきんだ rikinda
Conjunctive 力んで りきんで rikinde
Hypothetical conditional 力めば りきめば rikimeba

References
  1. “力”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. “力む”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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