励む
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 励 |
| はげ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 勵む (kyūjitai) |
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 励ます |
| mediopassive | 励む |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ha̠ɡe̞mɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "励む"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
励む | はげむ | [hàgéꜜmù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 励め | はげめ | [hàgéꜜmè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 励まれる | はげまれる | [hàgémáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 励ませる | はげませる | [hàgémáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 励める | はげめる | [hàgéméꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 励もう | はげもー | [hàgémóꜜò] |
| Negative | 励まない | はげまない | [hàgémáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 励まなかった | はげまなかった | [hàgémáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 励みます | はげみます | [hàgémímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 励んだ | はげんだ | [hàgéꜜǹdà] |
| Conjunctive | 励んで | はげんで | [hàgéꜜǹdè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 励めば | はげめば | [hàgéꜜmèbà] |
Verb
励む • (hagemu) intransitive godan (stem 励み (hagemi), past 励んだ (hagenda))
- to be zealous, to be preoccupied with, to strive
- ジョギングに励んだ。
- Jogingu ni hagenda.
- We have been quite keen on running.
- ジョギングに励んだ。
Conjugation
Conjugation of "励む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 励ま | はげま | hagema |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 励み | はげみ | hagemi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 励む | はげむ | hagemu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 励む | はげむ | hagemu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 励め | はげめ | hageme |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 励め | はげめ | hageme |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 励まれる | はげまれる | hagemareru |
| Causative | 励ませる 励ます |
はげませる はげます |
hagemaseru hagemasu |
| Potential | 励める | はげめる | hagemeru |
| Volitional | 励もう | はげもう | hagemō |
| Negative | 励まない | はげまない | hagemanai |
| Negative continuative | 励まず | はげまず | hagemazu |
| Formal | 励みます | はげみます | hagemimasu |
| Perfective | 励んだ | はげんだ | hagenda |
| Conjunctive | 励んで | はげんで | hagende |
| Hypothetical conditional | 励めば | はげめば | hagemeba |
References
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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