古い

Japanese

Kanji in this term
古
ふる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
旧い (uncommon)
故い (rare)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū completed in 759.[1]

In turn, derived from verb 旧る (furu, “to age, to become older”, said of both things and people) + し (shi, Old and Classical Japanese adjective-forming suffix),[2] with the verb itself also attested in the Man'yōshū.[1][2]

The modern form furui emerged as a regular shift from furuki, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of classical adjective 古し (furushi).

⟨puruki1⟩ → */purukʲi/ → /furui/

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "古い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 古く ふ​るく
ふる​く
[fúꜜrùkù]
[fùrúꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 古い ふる​い [fùrúꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 古い ふる​い [fùrúꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 古くない ふ​るくない
ふる​くない
[fúꜜrùkùnàì]
[fùrúꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 古かった ふ​るかった
ふる​かった
[fúꜜrùkàttà]
[fùrúꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 古くなかった ふ​るくなかった
ふる​くなかった
[fúꜜrùkùnàkàttà]
[fùrúꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 古いです ふる​いです [fùrúꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 古くて ふ​るくて
ふる​くて
[fúꜜrùkùtè]
[fùrúꜜkùtè]
Conditional 古ければ ふ​るければ
ふる​ければ
[fúꜜrùkèrèbà]
[fùrúꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

古(ふる)い • (furui) -i (adverbial 古(ふる)く (furuku))

  1. [from 759] (not of a person) old, aged, antiquated
    私(わたし)は以前(いぜん)古(ふる)いロールスロイスを持(も)っていた。
    Watashi wa izen furui Rōrusu-Roisu o motte ita.
    I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.
    私(わたし)は古(ふる)いランプを買(か)った。
    Watashi wa furui ranpu o katta.
    I bought an old lamp.

Inflection

Antonyms

Derived terms

  • 古(ふる)い革袋(かわぶくろ)に新(あたら)しい酒(さけ)を盛(も)る (furui kawabukuro ni atarashii sake o moru, “to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles”)
  • 新(あたら)しい酒(さけ)は古(ふる)い革袋(かわぶくろ)に入(い)れる (atarashii sake wa furui kawabukuro ni ireru, “to put new wine into old wineskins, to put new wine into old bottles”)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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