咽

See also: 嚥

咽	U+54BD, 咽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54BD

← 咼
[U+54BC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

咾 →
[U+54BE]

咽	U+F99E, 咽 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99E

← 劣
[U+F99D]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

烈 →
[U+F99F]

Translingual

Han character

咽 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口田大 (RWK), four-corner 6600₀, composition ⿰口因)

References

KangXi: page 188, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3577
Dae Jaweon: page 407, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 616, character 2
Unihan data for U+54BD
Unihan data for U+F99E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		咽
alternative forms		𠰸胭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (因) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
欭	*qrils
烟	qiːn, qin
胭	*qiːn
咽	qiːn, qiːns, *qiːd
恩	*qɯːn
煾	*qɯːn
因	*qin
姻	*qin
茵	*qin
鞇	*qin
氤	*qin
洇	*qin
駰	qin, qrin
絪	*qin
裀	*qin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 因 (OC *qin) – connected to the mouth, the throat.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yān (yan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin¹
Min Nan (POJ): ian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yān
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yan
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹
  - Yale: yān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin¹
  - Yale: yīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ian
  - Tâi-lô: ian
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iefn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ʔen/

Rime
Character	咽
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	烏前切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔen/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔen/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɛn/
Li Rong	/ʔen/
Wang Li	/ien/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤi[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*qiːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	咽
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yān
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔen ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁi[n]/
English	gullet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咽
Reading #	1/3
No.	15172
Phonetic component	因
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	煙
Old Chinese	/*qiːn/

Definitions

咽

(anatomy) throat, pharynx

Compounds

口咽 (kǒuyān)
咽喉 (yānhóu)

咽炎 (yānyán)
喉咽 (hóuyān)

鼻咽 (bíyān)
咽頭／咽头 (yāntóu)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 咽 – see 嚥 (“to swallow; swallow, gulp”). (This character, 咽, is the simplified and variant form of 嚥.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yè (ye⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jit³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yè
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yè
  - Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
  - Yale: yè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
  - Palladius: е (je)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jit³
  - Yale: yit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: yid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːt̚³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔet̚/

Rime
Character	咽
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	先 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	烏結切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ʔet̚/
Wang Li	/iet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ye
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jit³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qiːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咽
Reading #	3/3
No.	15187
Phonetic component	因
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	噎
Old Chinese	/*qiːd/

Definitions

咽

^† to make a hoarse sound

Compounds

咉咽

哽咽 (gěngyè)

嗚咽／呜咽 (wūyè)

Japanese

Kanji

咽

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

throat

Readings

Go-on: えち (echi); えん (en)
Kan-on: えつ (etsu); えん (en)
Kan’yō-on: いん (in, Jōyō)
Kun: のど (nodo, 咽)

Compounds

嗚(お)咽(えつ) (oetsu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
咽
いん Grade: S
kan’yōon

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ĩɴ]

Affix

咽(いん) • (in)

throat

Derived terms

咽(いん)喉(こう) (inkō)
咽(いん)頭(とう) (intō)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
咽
えつ Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 咽 (MC ʔet̚).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [e̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Affix

咽(えつ) • (etsu)

choked; smothered: Only used in 嗚咽 (oetsu, “sobbing (n.), to sob (v.)”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
咽
えん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 咽 / 嚥 (MC ʔen^H).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

咽(えん) • (en)

Alternative form of 嚥 (en, “swallow; gulp down”): Only used in 咽下 (enka, enge, “swallowing (n.), to swallow (v.)”)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
咽
のど Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 咽 – see the following entry.

【のど】	[noun] the throat [noun] (by extension) one's singing voice [noun] (by extension) one's vitals [noun] This term needs a translation to English. Alternative spellings 喉, 咽, 吭

(This term, 咽, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
咽
のんど Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 咽 – see のんど. (This term, 咽, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: のんど.)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
咽
のみど Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 咽 – see のみど. (This term, 咽, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: のみど.)

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
咽
のみと Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 咽 – see のみと. (This term, 咽, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: のみと.)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 咽 (MC ʔen).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅙᅧᆫ (Yale: qyèn)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	목ᄭᅮ무 (Yale: mwòk-s-kwùmwù)	연 (Yale: yèn)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	식구무 (Yale: sik-kwumwu)	연 (Yale: yen)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [in]
Phonetic hangul: [인]

Hanja

Wikisource 咽 (eumhun 목구멍 인 (mokgumeong in))

Hanja form^? of 인 (“throat; pharynx”). [affix]

Compounds

이비인후과 (耳鼻咽喉科, ibiinhugwa)
인두 (咽頭, indu)
인후 (咽喉, inhu)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 咽 (MC ʔet̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅙᅧᇙ〮 (Yale: qyélq)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	목몔 (Yale: mwok-myeyl)	열 (Yale: yel)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [jʌ̹ɭ]
Phonetic hangul: [열]

Hanja

咽 (eumhun 목멜 열 (mongmel yeol))

Hanja form^? of 열 (“Used in 오열(嗚咽) (oyeol, “sobbing”): choked; smothered”).

Compounds

오열 (嗚咽, oyeol, “sobbing”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

咽: Hán Nôm readings: yết, nhằn, ịt, nhiết, yến

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