年下

Chinese

		year	under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
simp. and trad. (年下)		年	下
anagram		下年

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): niánxia, niánxià

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄒㄧㄚ, ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nin⁴ haa⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngièn-hâ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niánxia
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄒㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: niánsiå
  - Wade–Giles: nien²-hsia⁵
  - Yale: nyán-sya
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nian.shia
  - Palladius: нянься (njanʹsja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /njɛn³⁵ ɕjä³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niánxià
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: niánsià
  - Wade–Giles: nien²-hsia⁴
  - Yale: nyán-syà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nianshiah
  - Palladius: нянься (njanʹsja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /njɛn³⁵ ɕjä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nin⁴ haa⁶
  - Yale: nìhn hah
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nin⁴ haa⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: nin⁴ ha⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːn²¹ haː²²/
Hakka
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-hâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ ha´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² ha¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯en¹¹ ha²⁴/

Noun

年下

(colloquial) period around the Chinese New Year

Synonyms

(Hakka) 年下仔

Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 年下(としした) (toshishita).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): niánxià

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niánxià
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: niánsià
  - Wade–Giles: nien²-hsia⁴
  - Yale: nyán-syà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nianshiah
  - Palladius: нянься (njanʹsja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /njɛn³⁵ ɕjä⁵¹/

Noun

年下

(ACG) younger person (in yaoi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
年	下
とし Grade: 1	した Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology

Compound of 年 (toshi, “year; age”) +‎ 下 (shita, “down; low, lower”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) としした [tòshíshítá] (Heiban – [0])[2]
IPA^(key): [to̞ɕiɕita̠]

Noun

年(とし)下(した) • (toshishita)

younger-ness, juniority: the state of being younger than others
a younger person, a junior
好(す)きになった男子(だんし)は年下(としした)だった！
Suki ni natta danshi wa toshishita datta!
I fell in love with a younger man!

Antonyms

年上(としうえ) (toshiue)

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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