強か

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
強
したた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
健か

Compound of したた (shitata, “firm?, strong?”, only found in Old Japanese contexts) +‎ か (-ka, -na adjective-forming suffix).[1]

Appears in texts from the late 900s.[1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

強(したた)か • (shitataka) -na, adnominal 強(したた)かな (shitataka na), adverbial 強(したた)かに (shitataka ni)

  1. resilient, tough
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典/新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局/大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      あのチームは中(なか)々(なか)強(したた)かだ
      Ano chīmu wa nakanaka shitataka da
      That team is quite resilient
Inflection

Adverb

強(したた)か • (shitataka) 

  1. a lot, in very large numbers or amounts
  2. severely, extremely, terribly
Usage notes

Found both as a standalone adverb, and followed by adverbial particle に (ni).

  • 強(したた)か飲(の)む、強(したた)かに酔(よ)っている
    shitataka nomu, shitataka ni yotte iru
    to drink a lot, to be terribly drunk

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
強
つよ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Derived via fusion of the adverbial form tsuyoku of regular -i adjective 強い (tsuyoi, “strong”) + classical copular verb 有り (ari, “to be”).

/t͡sujoku ari/ → /t͡sujoka/

Adjective

強(つよ)か • (tsuyoka) 

  1. Ka-ending dialect form of 強い (tsuyoi, “strong, powerful”)
    • 1984 February 15, Murakami, Motoka, “修(しゅ)羅(ら)の涙(なみだ)、六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の涙(なみだ)の巻(まき) [Shura’s Tears, Musashi’s Tears]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, pages 51–52:
      有(う)働(どう)、みちょったどが…今(いま)ん試(し)合(あい)…
      完(かん)敗(ぱい)ばい!あの二(ふた)人(り)は本(ほん)当(とう)に強(つよ)かばい‼オレは熊(くま)本(もと)ば帰(かえ)って、修(しゅ)行(ぎゅう)のやりなおしたい…
      けっ‼や(い)っ(く)せ(じ)ん(な)ぼ(し)が‼
      日(ひ)高(だか)!ぬし……
      おっと‼オイはちごど‼負(ま)けたとは思(おも)わんど‼オイは、絶(ぜっ)対(たい)にあんし達(たっ)よりも強(つよ)か‼
      Udō, michotta do ga… iman shiai…
      Kanpai bai! Ano futari wa hontō ni tsuyoka bai‼ Ore wa Kumamoto ba kaette, shugyō no yarinaoshitai…
      Ke'‼ Yassenbo ga‼
      Hidaka! Nushi……
      Otto‼ Oi wa chigo do‼ Maketa to wa omowan do‼ Oi wa, zettai ni anshi-ta' yori mo tsuyoka‼
      Udō, you were watchin’ de whole match… How’d it go...?
      I can’t top ‘em! Dose two are really strong!! I’m gonna need ta train loads harder once I’m back in Kumamoto...
      Geeze‼ Chicken much!?
      Hidaka! You sunova……
      Easy, man!! Ah underestimated y’all!! Ah’ll remember dis loss!! Ah will become stronger dan all of ya!!
    • 1984 February 15, Murakami, Motoka, “修(しゅ)羅(ら)の涙(なみだ)、六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の涙(なみだ)の巻(まき) [Shura’s Tears, Musashi’s Tears]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 60:
      夏(なつ)木(き)六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)‼オイと勝(しょう)負(ぶ)せェ‼優(ゆう)勝(しょう)したおはんが、ほんのこて(ほんとに)オイより強(つよ)かかハッキィさせてみたかとよ‼
      Natsuki Musashi‼ Oi to shōbu sē‼ Yūshō shita o-han ga, honnokote oi yori tsuyoka ka hakkyi sasete mitaka to yo‼
      Natsuki Musashi‼ Let’s duel‼ You’ve won the championship, so show me if ya really are stronger than me‼

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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